Download Free Medical Pediatric Neurosurgery PowerPoint Presentation

Pediatric Neurosurgery PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on astrocytoma in childhood, which is titled "Pediatric Neurosurgery", to know about pediatric neurosurgery and the entire spectrum of neurosurgical subspecialties.

Tags : astrocytoma, childhood, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Brain tumors, Hydrocephalus, Ependymoma, Spina bifida, spinal dysraphism, Myelomeningocele, Epilepsy Surgery

Published on : May 10, 2021 | Views : 2867 | Downloads : 0

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Introduction to Neurosurgical Subspecialties: Pediatric Neurosurgery Brian L. Hoh, MD1 and Gregory J. Zipfel, MD2 1University of Florida, 2Washington University
Slide 2-

Pediatric Neurosurgery Pediatric neurosurgeons treat children with: Brain tumors Spina bifida / spinal dysraphism Spasticity Brachial plexus injury Hydrocephalus Epilepsy Spinal deformities / tumors Brain and spine trauma Pediatric neurosurgery crosses the entire spectrum of neurosurgical subspecialties
Slide 3-

Fellowship for pediatric neurosurgery is typically required Pediatric Neurosurgery
Slide 4-

Hydrocephalus Causes: Communicating Idiopathic, post-hemorrhagic, post-infectious, congenital Obstructive Tumors, cysts, aqueductal stenosis, ventricular loculations
Slide 5-

Hydrocephalus Treatment: Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Slide 6-

Hydrocephalus Treatment: Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) ETV
Slide 7-

Brain tumor Infratentorial (2/3) Medulloblastoma -- malignant Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA) -- benign Ependymoma – benign or malignant Brainstem tumors – benign or malignant Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) -- malignant Supratentorial (1/3) JPA Ependymoma Glioma/astrocytoma Ganglioglioma, Dysembryoplastic NeuroEpithelial Tumor (DNET) Craniopharyngioma Many others
Slide 8-

Brain Tumors--Astrocytoma Pre-op Post-op
Slide 9-

Brain Tumors--Ependymoma Pre-op Post-op
Slide 10-

Spina bifida/spinal dysraphism Closed neural tube defects Tethered spinal cord fatty filum, dermal sinus tract, diastematomyelia, lipomyelomeningocele Open neural tube defects Myelomeningocele and variants (myelocystocele) Associated with hydrocephalus, type II Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, urologic and orthopedic disorders
Slide 11-

Dermal sinus tract with tethered cord
Slide 12-

Myelomeningocele / NTD
Slide 13-

Epilepsy Surgery Epilepsy is predominantly a disease of the young Majority of patients have seizure onset in childhood Substrates include cortical dysplasia/neuronal migrational disorders, tuberous sclerosis, lesional/structural causes such as tumors, vascular lesions, trauma, stroke
Slide 14-

Response to AEDs among children (AED = anti-epileptic drug) 1st AED 60-70% Seizure-Free 2nd AED 20-30% Seizure-Free 3rd AED 5-10% Seizure-Free Stage I pre-surgical evaluation EEG-video, MRI, PET, Neuropsychology Epilepsy Surgery Conference
Slide 15-

Lesionectomy 6 mo old with partial seizures Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Slide 16-

Peri-insular Hemispherotomy 7 year old with intractable seizures
Slide 17-

Chiari malformation Type I is most common Herniation of hindbrain (cerebellar tonsils) into upper cervical canal Usually asymptomatic Associated with suboccipital post-tussive headache Syringomyelia and scoliosis Posterior decompression +/- duraplasty are main surgical options Type II associated with myelomeningocele only
Slide 18-

Suboccipital craniectomy / duroplasty for Type 1 Chiari with syrinx
Slide 19-

Craniosynostosis Affects 1:2500 children Premature fusion of one or more cranial vault sutures Sagittal most common, followed by metopic/coronal and then lamboid Not to be confused with benign positional plagiocephaly Surgical options include traditional open vault and facial reconstructions and minimally invasive endoscopic strip craniectomies with custom molding helmet therapy for children < 6 months of age
Slide 20-

Craniosynostosis Open Surgery Endoscopic Surgery
Slide 21-

Conclusions Pediatric neurosurgeons do procedures that span the spectrum of neurosurgical operations Even more than adult neurosurgery, pediatric neurosurgeons have ”families as patients”