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Skin fascia tendon aponeurosis and ligaments PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Anatomy of the Skin, which is titled "Skin, fascia, tendon, aponeurosis and ligaments", to know about the skin, fascia, tendon, aponeurosis and ligaments.

Tags : Anatomy, Skin, fascia, tendon, aponeurosis, ligaments

Published on : Jul 05, 2021 | Views : 2816 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Skin, fascia, tendon, aponeurosis and ligaments
Slide 2-

Skin Covers the entire external surface of the body Surface area- 1.5-2 sq m Thickness – 0.5- 3mm Largest organ of the body
Slide 3-

Functions Barrier Regulate body temperature and water loss Sensory information Pigments protect from harmful light. Protect against damage to tissues by chemicals, heat etc.
Slide 4-

Pigmentation of skin Color of skin depends on - Melanin Melanoid- throughout epidermis Carotene- yellow, stratum corneum and fat cells of dermis and superficial fascia Haemoglobin Oxyhaemoglobin – cutaneous vessels
Slide 5-

The 3 layers of skin 1. Epidermis Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium Grows continuously 2. Dermis Connective tissue Mechanical support 3. Hypodermis (Subcutaneous fascia) Contains adipose tissue
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Figure 5–3 Layers of the Epidermis From basal lamina to free surface: stratum germinativum stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum
Slide 7-

stratum basale Is the deepest layer of the epidermis (closest to the dermis). It consists of a single layer of columnar or cuboidal cells which rest on the basement membrane.
Slide 8-

Basal cells are the stem cells of the epidermis. Their mitotic activity replenishes the cells in more superficial layers as these are eventually shed from the epidermis which are called as keratinocytes. So , this layer is also called as stratum germinativum or germinal layer.
Slide 9-

stratum spinosum The cells become irregularly polygonal Some mitosis can be seen in deeper cells of this layer so this layer also comes under germinative zone stratum granulosum Consists of a few layers of flattened cells which are characterized by presence of deeply staining granules in cytoplasm .
Slide 10-

stratum lucidum This layer is so called because it appear homogenous , the cell boundaries are extremely indistinct. Traces of flattened nuclei can be seen in some cells.
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stratum corneum Most superficial layer of skin. This layer is acellular. It is made up of flattened scale like elements (squamous) containing keratin filaments embedded in proteins Stratum corneum, lucidum and granulosum are collectively called as zone of keratinization or cornified zone.
Slide 12-

The Dermis Made mostly of connective tissue. Richly innervated and vascularized. Consists of 2 layers. Papillary layer:- contain connective tissue of dermal papillae, these papillae are best developed in thick skin. Papillae contains capillary loops, and Meissner’s corpuscles..
Slide 13-

Reticular layer:- consist of bundles of collagen fibres. It contain number of elastic fibres. Intervals betweens fibres is occupied by adipose tissue. It rest on superficial fascia through which it is attached to deeper structures.
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Dermis
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Tension lines
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Slide 17-

SKIN APPENDAGES Hair Glands( sweat glands and sebaceous glands) Nails
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Hair Hair is distributed over the entire skin surface except Palms, soles, and lips Nipples and portions of the external genitalia Parts of the hair Shaft (visible part) Root (embedded part) Hair bulb (expanded lower end of root) Hair papilla (bulb invaginated from below by dermis) Hair follicle (tubular sheath which surrounds the root)
Slide 19-

Scale like modification of the epidermis on the distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes made of dead cells packed with keratin nail bed Nail body: the visible portion of the nail covers the nail bed Lunula: the pale crescent at the base of the nail cuticle Nails
Slide 20-

Structure of a Nail Figure 5.4
Slide 21-

Sebaceous glands Connected to hair follicles, but are found everywhere except the palms and soles. Secrete a waxy, oily substance (sebum) Secretion increases at puberty
Slide 22-

Found everywhere Excrete water, salt, metabolic Wastes Function – cooling of the body Sweat glands
Slide 23-

sweat glands Duct segment less coiled, leads to epidermis Stratified cuboidal epithelium Secretory segment in deep dermis or hypodermis Secretory cells Myoepithelial cells lie between secretory cells, contraction expels sweat simple cuboidal epithelium
Slide 24-

Anemia jaundice cyanosis Applied Anatomy of skin
Slide 25-

Applied Anatomy of skin Sebaceous cyst
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seborrhoea Ichthyosis Acne vulgaris Sebaceous glands
Slide 27-

Fascia Fascia is a form of dense connective tissue. It is a continuous sheet of fibrous membrane located beneath the skin and around the muscles and organs. It forms a three-dimensional matrix of connective tissue extending throughout the body from head to toe.
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Slide 29-

Superficial fascia Superficial fascia is located deep to the skin and covers the entire body. It is a layering filled with adipose tissue, nerves, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and connective tissue. Functions – Facilitates movements of skin Soft medium for passage of nerves and vessels to skin Conserve body heat
Slide 30-

Deep fascia Fibrous sheet which invest the body beneath the superficial fascia. Devoid of fat and is inelastic and tough. Distribution Best defined in limbs where it forms tough sleeves and in neck where it forms the collar Ill defined in trunk and face.
Slide 31-

Modification of deep fascia Intermuscular septa
Slide 32-

Modification of deep fascia retinaculum Fibrous flexor sheath
Slide 33-

Aponeurosis Modification of deep fascia
Slide 34-

Tendons Tendon attaches muscle to the periosteum of the bone. Tendons are dense connective tissue shaped into bundles of parallel collagen fibers. Each muscle has one or more tendons.
Slide 35-

Tendon Non-contractile
Slide 36-

Ligaments Ligaments connect bones together at a joint. Their function is to strengthen and stabilize a joint. Ligaments are also made of dense connective tissue like tendons. The fibers in a ligament have a more uneven configuration than in tendons. Ligaments have a dense, taut feel.
Slide 37-

Ligament Functions- Maintain stability at the joint Sensory function make them important reflex organs due to rich nerve supply.
Slide 38-

Ligament: applied anatomy Sprain Neuropathic joint in leprosy