Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Immunotherapy: Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment
Immunotherapy is transforming the landscape of cancer treatment by harnessing the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells. Unlike traditional therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation, which target cancer directly, immunotherapy works by enhancing the natural defenses of the immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells more effectively.
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of immunotherapy, exploring its mechanisms, types, and applications. Key topics include immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), CAR-T cell therapy, cancer vaccines, cytokine-based therapies, and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, the presentation highlights real-world success stories, such as breakthroughs in treating melanoma, lung cancer, and leukemia, demonstrating the transformative potential of immunotherapy.
We also address the challenges of immunotherapy, including treatment resistance, immune-related side effects, and high costs, while exploring ongoing advancements like precision immunotherapy and AI-driven research. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, researcher, or student, this resource is designed to deepen your understanding of immunotherapy’s revolutionary role in oncology.
Join us as we dive into the exciting world of immuno-oncology, where science and innovation are giving hope to millions of cancer patients worldwide.

Tags : Immunotherapy, Cancer Treatment, Immuno-Oncology, CAR-T Therapy, Checkpoint Inhibitors, Targeted Therapy, Immune System, Cancer Research, T-Cells

Published on : Dec 03, 2024 | Views : 876 | Downloads : 0

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Immunotherapy Unlocking the Power of the Immune System to Fight Cancer Dr. Vineeta Bose Oncologist & Hematologist
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What is Immunotherapy? Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that boosts the body's natural defenses to fight cancer. It leverages the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Includes various approaches like checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T therapy, cytokines, and vaccines. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. Unlike traditional therapies like chemotherapy and radiation, which target cancer cells directly, immunotherapy harnesses the patient’s immune system for a more precise attack. Reference: Mellman, I., Coukos, G., & Dranoff, G. (2011). Cancer immunotherapy comes of age. Nature, 480(7378), 480-489.
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Types of Immunotherapy Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Block proteins that stop T-cells from attacking cancer cells (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, CTLA-4 inhibitors). CAR-T Cell Therapy: Genetically engineered T-cells to attack specific cancer cells. Cytokines: Boost immune cell activity (e.g., interleukins, interferons). Cancer Vaccines: Prevent or treat cancer by stimulating an immune response. Monoclonal Antibodies: Lab-made antibodies that target cancer cells or help immune cells recognize them. Speaker Notes: Different types of immunotherapy target various components of the immune system. Some therapies enhance immune activity, while others remove barriers that cancer cells use to evade detection. Reference: Pardoll, D. M. (2012). The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nature Reviews Cancer, 12(4), 252-264.
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Types of Targeted Therapy Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs): Block specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells. Example: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) for HER2-positive breast cancer. Small Molecule Inhibitors: Penetrate cells to block enzymes or proteins. Example: Imatinib (Gleevec) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Block blood vessel formation to tumors. Example: Bevacizumab (Avastin) for colorectal cancer. Speaker Notes: These therapies target specific molecules at different levels, from blocking receptors outside cells to targeting proteins inside. Reference: National Cancer Institute (NCI). “Types of Targeted Therapy.” (2021).
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How Immunotherapy Works Immunotherapy trains the immune system to: Recognize cancer as a threat. Attack and destroy cancer cells. Retain memory for future cancer recurrence. Involves T-cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages in recognizing and attacking cancer cells. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy enhances the immune system’s ability to detect and destroy cancer cells, a process that cancer cells often evade by creating immunosuppressive environments. Reference: Chen, D. S., & Mellman, I. (2013). Oncology meets immunology: The cancer-immunity cycle. Immunity, 39(1), 1-10.
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab): Prevent T-cell exhaustion and enhance immune attack. CTLA-4 Inhibitors (e.g., Ipilimumab): Enhance T-cell priming and activation. Used in cancers like melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. Speaker Notes: Checkpoint inhibitors are among the most successful immunotherapies, particularly for cancers previously considered untreatable. They unleash the full potential of T-cells. Reference: Topalian, S. L., Drake, C. G., & Pardoll, D. M. (2012). Immune checkpoint blockade: A common denominator approach to cancer therapy. Cancer Cell, 27(4), 450-461.
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CAR-T Cell Therapy What is CAR-T Therapy? T-cells are extracted, genetically engineered to target cancer cells, and reinfused into the patient. Effective in hematologic malignancies (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma). FDA-approved CAR-T therapies: Tisagenlecleucel, Axicabtagene ciloleucel. Speaker Notes: CAR-T therapy represents personalized cancer treatment, as it tailors T-cells to recognize and attack specific cancer markers. Reference: June, C. H., Sadelain, M. (2018). Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 379(1), 64-73.
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Benefits of Immunotherapy Long-lasting results due to immune memory. High specificity with minimal damage to healthy cells. Effective in cancers resistant to traditional treatments. Can be combined with chemotherapy or radiation for better outcomes. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy offers unique advantages over conventional treatments by leveraging the immune system’s ability to "remember" and attack cancer cells long-term. Reference: Finn, O. J. (2018). Immuno-oncology: Understanding the function and role of the immune system in cancer. Annals of Oncology, 29(2), 28-35.
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Challenges in Immunotherapy Not effective for all patients (variability in response). Immune-related adverse events (e.g., colitis, pneumonitis). High cost and limited accessibility. Potential resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. Speaker Notes: While immunotherapy holds great promise, not all patients respond equally. Researchers are exploring biomarkers to predict treatment response. Reference: Sharma, P., & Allison, J. P. (2015). Immune checkpoint targeting in cancer therapy: Toward combination strategies. Science, 348(6230), 56-61.
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Real-World Impact of Immunotherapy Melanoma: Long-term remission in advanced melanoma with checkpoint inhibitors. Lung Cancer: Improved survival rates with PD-L1 inhibitors. Leukemia: High remission rates in pediatric leukemia with CAR-T therapy. Speaker Notes: Success stories highlight the transformative potential of immunotherapy in treating advanced-stage cancers. Reference: Postow, M. A., Callahan, M. K., & Wolchok, J. D. (2015). Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 33(17), 1974-1982.
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The Future of Immunotherapy Emerging therapies: Bispecific antibodies, oncolytic viruses. Advances in precision immunotherapy using AI and biomarkers. Expanding applications in more cancer types. Ongoing clinical trials for novel immunotherapies. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field. The future lies in making these therapies accessible and effective for a wider range of cancers. Reference: Ribas, A., Wolchok, J. D. (2018). Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade. Science, 359(6382), 1350-1355.
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Key Takeaways Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system. It offers hope for previously untreatable cancers. Challenges remain, but ongoing advancements promise a brighter future. Speaker Notes: Immunotherapy symbolizes a breakthrough in oncology, paving the way for innovative and personalized cancer treatments.
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