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Giardia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : this power point is about the organism that called giardia and its disease giardiasis

Tags : giardia,giardiasis,organism

Published on : Nov 16, 2022 | Views : 1941 | Downloads : 1

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Giardia Supervisor : Dr.Sohrab rasouli Presentors : Amirmahdi bazdar , Saba asef
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Present table
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Introduction a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites colonize and reproduce in the small intestines of several vertebrates causing the disease giardiasis life cycle alternates between a swimming trophozoite and an infective , resistant cyst found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces (poop) from infected people or animals You can get giardiasis if you swallow Giardia germs first described by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van leeuwenhook The genus is named after French zoologist Alfred mathieu giard
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Classification
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MorphologyTrophozoite and cyst
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Microscopic picture fortrophozoite and cyst of giardia
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Life cycle
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Trophozoite : known as trophic form or proliferative phase , growing stage in the life cycle of some sporozoan parasites, when they are absorbing nutrients from the host. Cyst : some protozoa can survive harsh conditions, such as exposure to extreme temperatures or harmful chemicals, or long periods without access to nutrients, water, or oxygen. Encysting : The conversion of a trophozoite to cyst form is known as encystation or encysting. Excysting : While the process of transforming back into a trophozoite is known as excystment or excysting.
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Giardia has one of the simplest life cycles of all human parasites. The life cycle is composed of 2 stages: (1) the trophozoite which exists freely in the human small intestine , and (2) the cyst, which is passed into the environment. Main host : several vertebrates , like human , one of the most common parasites infecting cats, dogs, and birds , Mammalian hosts also include dozens of species, including cattle, sheep, and goats. Intermediate host : No intermediate hosts are required
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PathogenicityPathophysiology
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Pathophysiology After excystation, trophozoites attach to intestinal epithelium. causes enterocytes damage and loss of brush border of the epithelial cells of the intestine that leads to shortening of microvilli and altered epithelial barrier function. Microvilli : finger-like membrane protrusions, supported by the actin cytoskeleton. In the last , enterocytes become apoptosis. This pathology results in aqueous diarrhea, steatorrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. However, most infections are asymptomatic. The main consequence of Giardia colonization is nutrients malabsorption
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Symptoms Giardia infection (giardiasis) can cause a variety of intestinal symptoms, which include : Diarrhea Stomach cramps or pain Upset stomach or nausea Dehydration having 2 to 5 loose stools , Foul-smelling, greasy poop that can float fever, itchy skin, hives, and swelling of the eyes and joints ( less common symptoms ) weight loss and keep the body from absorbing nutrients it needs, like fat, lactose, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 some people with Giardia infections have no symptoms at all.
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Epidemiology Giardiasis is especially common in areas with poor sanitary conditions and limited water-treatment facilities. In resource-limited settings, the prevalence of giardiasis has been reported to be as high as 20 to 40 percent; in such settings, the rate of infection is highest among children <5 years. Giardia is the most common gut parasite in the United Kingdom, and infection rates are especially high in Eastern Europe. High-risk groups include infants, young children, international adoptees, travelers , immunocompromised individuals, and patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Epidemiology
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Diagnosis There are several tests to detect Giardia and some are more sensitive and specific than others. Microscopy with direct fluorescent antibody testing ( DFA) is considered the test of choice for diagnosis of giardiasis since it provides increased sensitivity over non-fluorescent microscopy techniques. Other alternate methods for detection include : Rapid immunochromatographic cartridge assays Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits Microscopy with trichrome staining Molecular assays CDC recommends collecting three stool specimens from patients over several days for more accurate test results.
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Treatment Several drugs can be used to treat Giardia infection. Effective treatments include metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide. Other medications include paromomycin, quinacrine, and furazolidone. The most common drugs used to kill Giardia are fenbendazole and metronidazole. These drugs are normally given for three to ten days to treat giardiasis. Both drugs may be given in combination if necessary.
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Prevent Avoid drinking: water that may be contaminated untreated water from streams, rivers or lakes Follow general food safety practices Practice safe sex and wash hands after contact with stool Wash your hands often with clean running water and soap Avoid contact when possible with infected animals, such as pets Avoid swallowing untreated water used for recreational activities, such as swimming
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Thanks for your attention