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Developmental Milestones and Recognizing Delays PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pediatrics, which is titled "Developmental Milestones and Recognizing Delays", to know about the four primary domains of development, understand developmental milestones for children from birth to age 5, and identify delays to watch for in children who are not meeting developmental milestones.

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Slide 1-

Learning Module I: Developmental Milestones and Recognizing Delays
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Learning Objectives Become familiar with four primary domains of development Understand developmental milestones for children from birth to age 5 Identify “red flags”, or delays to watch for in children who are not meeting developmental milestones Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014 2
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This Presentation 4 main areas of development are broken down by age groups Developmental milestones are presented in each development area Red flags, or delays to watch for, are then presented Steps to take if delays are recognized are included at conclusion of presentation Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014 3
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Development Milestones Functional skills or age-specific tasks that most children can do by a certain age Children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave, and move A milestone is met when a child is able to perform a task without assistance 4 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Developmental Domains Development occurs in four main areas, or developmental domains in children: Social/Emotional Language/Communication Cognitive Movement/Physical Development 5 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Social/Emotional Loving relationships give young children a sense of comfort, safety, confidence, and encouragement They teach young children how to form friendships, communicate emotions, and to deal with challenges Strong, positive relationships also help children develop trust, empathy, compassion, and a sense of right and wrong 6 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Language/Communication The capacity to communicate is the ability and desire to connect with others by exchanging ideas and feelings, both verbally and non-verbally Most children learn to communicate to get a need met or to establish and maintain interaction with a loved adult 7 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Cognitive Development of the ability to think, understand, and reason Cognitive abilities such as memory, information processing , and problem-solving emerge throughout childhood 8 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Movement/Physical Gross (or large) motor skills involve the larger muscles including the arms and legs. Actions requiring gross motor skills include walking, running, balance and coordination Fine (or small) motor skills involve the smaller muscles in the fingers, toes, eyes and other areas. Actions that require fine motor skills are drawing, writing, throwing, waving and catching 9 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Birth-Five Years What does typical development look like? When should certain developmental milestones be met? What delays should be watched for? 10 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Red Flags Titled “Delays to Watch For” throughout presentation Behaviors or delays that signal a possible problem with development and suggest that an evaluation should be performed Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014 11
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Two Months: SocialEmotional Social/Emotional Begins to smile at people Can briefly calm himself (i.e., bring hands to mouth, suck on hand) Tries to look at parent 12 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Months: Language/Communication Coos, makes gurgling sounds Turns head towards sounds 13 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Months: Cognitive Pays attention to faces Begins to follow things with eyes and recognize people at a distance Begins to act bored if activity doesn’t change 14 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Months: Movement/Physical Can hold head up and begins to push up when lying on tummy Makes smooth movements with arms and legs 15 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat Two Months Doesn’t respond to loud sounds Doesn’t watch things as they move Doesn’t smile at people Doesn’t bring hands to mouth Can’t hold head up when on tummy Typical and atypical development at two months 16 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Months: Social Emotional Smiles spontaneously, especially at people Likes to play with people and might cry when playing stops Copies some movements and facial expressions 17 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Months: Language/Communication Begins to babble Babbles with expression and copies sounds he hears Cries in different ways to show hunger, pain, or being tired 18 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Months: Cognitive Lets you know if she is happy or sad Responds to affection Reaches for toy with one hand Uses hands and eyes together, such as seeing a toy and reaching for it Follows moving things with eyes from side to side Watches faces closely Recognizes familiar people and things at a distance 19 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Months: Movement/Physical Development Holds head steady, unsupported Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface May be able to roll over from tummy to back Can hold a toy and shake it and swing at dangling toys Brings hands to mouth When lying on stomach, pushes up to elbows 20 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch For at Four Months Doesn’t watch things as they move Doesn’t smile at people Can’t hold head steady Doesn’t coo or make sounds Doesn’t bring things to mouth Doesn’t push down with legs when feet are placed on a hard surface Has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions Typical and atypical development at four months 21 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Six Months: SocialEmotional Social/Emotional Knows familiar faces and strangers Likes to play with others, especially parents Responds to other people’s emotions and often seems happy Likes to look at self in mirror 22 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Six Months: Language/Communication Responds to sounds by making sounds Strings vowels together when babbling and likes making sounds Responds to own name Makes sounds to show joy and displeasure Begins to say consonant sounds 23 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Six Months: Cognitive Looks around at things nearby Brings things to mouth Shows curiosity about things and tries to get things that are out of reach Begins to pass things from one hand to the other 24 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Six Months: Movement/Physical Development Movement/Physical Development Rolls over in both directions Begins to sit without support When standing, supports weight on legs and might bounce Rocks back and forth, sometimes crawling before moving 25 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat Six Months Doesn’t try to get things that are in reach Shows no affection for caregivers Doesn’t respond to sounds around him Has difficulty getting things to mouth Doesn’t make vowel sounds (“ah”, “eh”, “ee”, “oo”) Doesn’t roll over in either direction Doesn’t laugh or make squealing sounds Seems very stiff, with tight muscles Seems very floppy, like a rag doll Typical and atypical development at 6 months 26 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Nine Months:Social/Emotional May be afraid of strangers May be clingy with familiar adults Has favorite toys Snapshot of typical nine month development 27 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Nine Months: Language/Communication Understands “no” Makes a lot of different sounds like “mamama” and “bababa” Copies sounds and gestures of others Uses fingers to point at things 28 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Nine Months: Cognitive Watches the path of something as it falls Looks for things he sees you hide Plays peek-a-boo Puts things in her mouth Moves things smoothly from one hand to another Picks things like cereal up between thumb and index finger 29 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Nine Months: Movement/Physical Development Movement/Physical Development Stands, holding on Can get into sitting position Sits without support Pulls to stand Crawls 30 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch For at Nine Months Doesn’t bear weight on legs with support Doesn’t sit with help Doesn’t babble (“mama”, “baba”, “dada”) Doesn’t play any games involving back and forth play Doesn’t respond to own name Doesn’t seem to recognize familiar people Doesn’t look where you point Doesn’t transfer toys from one hand to the other Early signs of autism in 10 month-old 31 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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One Year: Social/Emotional Social/Emotional Shy or nervous with strangers Cries when parent leaves Has favorite things and people Shows fear in some situations Hands you a book when they want to hear a story Puts out arm or leg to help with dressing Plays games such as “peek-a-boo” and “patty cake 32 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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One Year: Language/Communication Responds to simple spoken requests Uses simple gestures like shaking head “no” Makes sounds with changes in tone Repeats sounds or actions to get attention Says “mama” and “dada” and exclamations like “uh oh!” Tries to say words you say Copies gestures 33 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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One Year: Cognitive Explores in different ways: shaking, banging, throwing Finds hidden things easily Looks at the right picture or thing when it’s named Starts to use things correctly (i.e., brush, cup) Bangs two things together Puts things in a container, takes things out of container Lets things go without help Pokes with index finger Follows simple directions Typical one year development 34 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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One Year: Movement/Physical Development Gets to a sitting position without help Pulls up to stand, walks holding on to furniture May take a few steps without holding on May stand alone 35 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat One Year Can’t stand when supported Doesn’t search for things that she sees you hide Doesn’t say single words like “mama” or “dada” Doesn’t learn gestures like waving or shaking head Doesn’t point to things Loses skills he once had 36 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Eighteen Months:Social/Emotional Social/Emotional Likes to hand things to others as play May have temper tantrums May be afraid of strangers Shows affection to familiar people Plays simple pretend, such as feeding a doll May cling to caregivers in new situations Points to show others something interesting Explores alone but with parent close by 37 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Eighteen Months: Language/Communication Says several single words Says and shakes head “no” Points to show someone he wants something 38 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Eighteen Months: Cognitive Knows what ordinary things are for (i.e., telephone, brush, spoon) Points to get attention of others Shows interest in a doll or stuffed animal by pretending to feed Scribbles on his own Can follow 1-step verbal commands without any gestures (i.e., follows command to sit down) 39 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Eighteen Months: Movement/Physical Development Walks alone May walk up steps and run Pulls toys while walking Drinks from a cup Eats with a spoon 40 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch For atEighteen Months Doesn’t point to show things to others Can’t walk Doesn’t know what familiar things are for Doesn’t copy others Doesn’t gain new words Doesn’t have at least 6 words Doesn’t notice or mind when a caregiver leaves or returns Loses skills he once had 41 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Years: Social/Emotional Copies others, especially adults and older children Gets excited when with other children Shows more independence Shows defiant behavior Plays mainly beside other children (parallel play), but begins to show socialization 42 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Years: Language/Communication Points to things or pictures when they are named Knows names of familiar people and body parts Says sentences with 2-4 words Follows simple instructions Repeats words overheard in conversation Points to things in a book 43 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Years: Cognitive Finds things, even when hidden Begins to sort shapes and colors Completes sentences and rhymes in familiar books Plays simple make-believe games Builds towers of 4 or more blocks Might use one hand more than the other Follows two-step instructions such as “pick up your shoes and put them in the closet” Names items in a picture book 44 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Two Years: Movement/Physical Development Stands on tiptoes Kicks a ball Begins to run Climbs onto and down from furniture without help Walks up and down stairs holding on Throws ball overhand Makes or copies straight lines and circles 45 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch For at Two Years Doesn’t use 2-word phrases (i.e., “drink milk”) Doesn’t know what to do with common things like a brush, phone, fork, or spoon Doesn’t copy actions and words Doesn’t follow simple instructions Doesn’t walk steadily Loses skills she once had Signs of developmental delay at two years 46 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Three Years: Social/Emotional Copies adults and friends Shows affection for friends Takes turns in games Shows concern for crying friend Understands idea of “mine”, “his”, and/or “hers” Shows wide range of emotions Separates easily from mom and dad May get upset with changes in routine Dresses and undresses self 47 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Three Years: Language/Communication Follows 2-3 step instructions Can name most familiar things Understands words like “in”, “on”, and “under” Says first name, age, and sex Names a friend Says words like “I”, “me”, “we”, and “you” and names some objects Talks well enough for strangers to understand Carries on conversation using 2 to 3 sentences Language sample of a three year old 48 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Three Years: Cognitive Can work toys with buttons, levers, and moving parts Plays make believe with dolls, animals, and people Does puzzles with 3 or 4 pieces Understands what “two” means Copies a circle with pencil or crayon Turns book pages one at a time Builds towers of more than 6 blocks 49 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Three Years: Movement/Physical Development Climbs well Runs easily Pedals a tricycle Walks up and down stairs, one foot on each step Screws and unscrews jar lids or turns door handle 50 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat Three Years Falls down often or has trouble with stairs Drools or has very unclear speech Can’t work simple toys such as peg boards, simple puzzles, turning handles Doesn’t speak in sentences Doesn’t understand simple instructions Doesn’t play pretend or make-believe Doesn’t want to play with other children or with toys Doesn’t make eye contact Loses skills he once had Signs of developmental delay at three years 51 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Years: Social/Emotional Enjoys doing new things Plays “mom” and “dad” Is more creative with make-believe play Would rather play with other children than by himself Cooperates with other children Often can’t tell what’s real and what’s make believe Talks about what she likes and what she is interested in 52 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Years: Language/Communication Knows some basic rules of grammar, like correctly using “he” or “she” Sings a song or says a poem from memory Tells stories Can say first and last name 53 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Years: Cognitive Names some colors and numbers Understands idea of counting Starts to understand time Remembers parts of a story Understands idea of “same” and “different” Draws a person with 2 to 4 body parts Uses scissors Starts to copy some capital letters Plays board or card games Tells you what he thinks is going to happen next in a book 54 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Four Years: Movement/Physical Development Hops and stands on one foot up to 2 seconds Catches a bounced ball most of the time Pours, cuts, and mashes own food 55 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat Four Years Can’t jump in place Has trouble scribbling Shows no interest in interactive games or make-believe Ignores other children or doesn’t respond to people outside the family Resists dressing, sleeping, and using the toilet Can’t retell a favorite story Doesn’t follow 3-part commands Doesn’t understand “same” and “different” Doesn’t use “me” and “you” correctly Speaks unclearly Loses skills he once had Signs of developmental delay at age 4 56 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Five Years: Social/Emotional Wants to please friends Wants to be like friends More likely to agree with rules Likes to sing, dance, and act Shows concern and sympathy for others Is aware of gender Can tell what’s real and what’s make-believe Shows more independence Is sometimes demanding and sometimes very cooperative Developmental milestones at five years 57 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Five Years: Language/Communication Speaks very clearly Tells a simple story using full sentences Uses future tense Says name and address 58 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Five Years: Cognitive Counts 10 or more things Can draw a person with at least 6 body parts Can print some letters or numbers Copies a triangle and other geometric shapes Knows about things used everyday, like money and food 59 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Five Years: Movement/Physical Development Movement/Physical Development Stands on one foot for 10 seconds or longer Hops; may be able to skip Can do a somersault Uses a fork and spoon and sometimes a table knife Can use the toilet on her own Swings and climbs 60 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays to Watch Forat Five Years Doesn’t show a wide range of emotions Shows extreme behavior (fearful, aggressive, shy, or sad) Unusually withdrawn and not active Is easily distracted, has trouble focusing on one activity for more than 5 minutes Doesn’t respond to people or only responds superficially Doesn’t play a variety of games and activities Can’t give first and last name 61 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Delays, continued Doesn’t use plurals or past tense properly Doesn’t talk about daily activities or experiences Doesn’t draw pictures Can’t brush teeth, wash and dry hands, or get undressed without help Loses skills he once had Developmental Delays at five years 62 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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What To Do If You Recognize Delays Call United Way #211 Refer to pediatrician Refer to Allegheny Intermediate Unit (412)-394-5700 Refer to Child Development Unit (412)-692-5560 63 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014
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Content source: Division of Birth Defects, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Presentation developed by Carmen Jamis, M.S. and Alyssa Newberry, M.Ed. representing the LEND Center of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh 64 Carmen Jamis and Alyssa Stiver, 2014