Download Free Medical Plant Toxicity PowerPoint Presentation

Plant Toxicity PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Poison Ivy / Poison Oak, which is titled "Plant Toxicity", to know about plant toxicity and management of a Plant poisoned patient.

Tags : Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Plant Toxicity

Published on : Jul 05, 2021 | Views : 3377 | Downloads : 7

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Plant Toxicity
Slide 2-

Introduction
Slide 3-

Frequency of Plant Exposure by Plant Type Capsicum (pepper plant)(5374 exposures) Philodendron (4061) Holly (3441) Euphorbia sp. (poinsettia) (3296) Dieffenbachia (dumbcane) (2141)
Slide 4-

Non Toxic Plants African violet Begonia Boston fern Christmas cactus Coleus Corn plant Crab apple Daisies Dandelion Easter Lilly Hibiscus Jade plant Magnolia Marigold Petunia Prayer plant Snake plant Velvet plant
Slide 5-

Toxic Plants One of the most frequent poisonings reported to poison control centers 69% of plant exposures reported to poison control centers involved children > 6 yrs. 15,000 people a year poisoned by plants Account for 5-10% of calls to poison control center Incidence is increasing Toxicity's can also occur when plants have been treated with herbicides, insecticides or fertilizers
Slide 6-

Toxic Plants, cont. Almost any plant can cause nausea, vomiting and intestinal cramping Not all parts of a plant are always toxic and the toxic principle may be present only during certain times of the year
Slide 7-

General management of a Plant poisoned patient Treat all cases of plant ingestion as potentially toxic until shown otherwise First try and ID the plant, try to get actual plant if possible Time is on the side of the patient, determine when exposure happened. Determine how much was ingested. Call poison control center
Slide 8-

General management of a Plant poisoned patient Demulcent therapy - ice cream, milk, egg whites Observe patient for clinical signs If indicated induce vomiting - syrup of Ipecac Activated charcoal should be given Cathartics hasten removal of remaining material
Slide 9-

Common Poisonous Plants
Slide 10-

Arum family Most common toxic plant exposure reported in the US. And a very common plant in homes and public places Members of the Arum family: caladium dieffenbachia - dumbcane philodendron Contain calcium oxalate crystals Used for variety of purposes: punishing slaves, treating gout, impotence and frigidity
Slide 11-

Signs, Symptoms and Treatment Non soluble needle like Ca++ oxylate crystals are found in all parts of the plant, stalk produces most severe reaction Biting into the plant causes pain and irritation to the mucous membranes of the mouth and intense salivation edema when they contact lips, tongue, oral mucosa choking Treatment supportive care and demulcents (milk)
Slide 12-

Caladium
Slide 13-

Dumbcane
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

Split leafed Philodendron
Slide 16-

Christmas plants American Holly Mistletoe Poinsettia
Slide 17-

American Holly Berries are toxic, contain Ilicin Clinical signs Nausea, severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal
Slide 18-

Jerusalem Cherry
Slide 19-

Mistletoe Berries are toxic , contain B-phenylethylamine and tyramine Clinical signs acute gastroenteritis, cardiovascular collapse, nausea, vomiting, respiratory difficulty, delirium, hallucinations, death Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 20-

Poinsettia Non toxic contains a latex sap which can be slightly irritating to mucous membranes Treatment - give demulcents
Slide 21-

Poinsettia
Slide 22-

Cardiotoxic Plants Contain cardiac glycosides Oleander Azaleas Lilly of the valley
Slide 23-

Cardiotoxic plants First used by Egyptians as emetics and for heart aliments Toxicity occurs usually after consuming teas or consuming parts of the plant More than 200 naturally occurring cardiac glycosides have been Ided. Mech of Action - bind to cell membrane and inhibit the Na/K pump.
Slide 24-

Cardiotoxic plants Clinical signs: tachycardia V fib Toxic exposure is rare AAPCC reports in 1998 - 2,553 exposures (out of 2.24 million exposures to toxic substances) Mortality is rare - 1998 AAPCC reported one death Most common age of exposure is children under the age of 6 years (72.5% of exposures)
Slide 25-

Oleander Very toxic plant, common ornamental Clinical signs GIT irritation, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hyperkalemia, AV block, cardiogenic shock Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 26-

Oleander
Slide 27-

Oleander
Slide 28-

ppt slide no 28 content not found
Slide 29-

Oleander
Slide 30-

Azaleas Rhododendron, Bird of paradise contain andromedotoxin Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 31-

Azaleas
Slide 32-

Azaleas
Slide 33-

Castor Bean
Slide 34-

Castor bean Contain phytotoxins - ricin - inactivated by heat during the production of castor oil seeds are the most toxic part of the plant, 2-4 seeds could be fatal in adult Clinical signs nausea, violent vomiting and diarrhea, burning sensation in the mouth, hemolysis, renal failure, death Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 35-

Castor bean
Slide 36-

Castor Bean
Slide 37-

Castor Bean
Slide 38-

Rhubarb
Slide 39-

Rhubarb Leaves are toxic, contain oxalic acid, heating does not destroy the toxic principle Stems are edible Clinical signs abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, muscle cramps, tetany, renal failure Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 40-

Rhubarb
Slide 41-

Rhubarb, stem
Slide 42-

Rhubarb
Slide 43-

Rhubarb, flowers
Slide 44-

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium
Slide 45-

Jimsonweed Toxicity Plant alkaloids are metabolites that have a nitrogen containing chemical ring This plant has a history of hallucinogenic use and has been connected to sorcery, witchcraft and native medicine dating back to 1500 BC Marc Anthony’s military troops were neutralized and defeated after ingesting this plant 318 cases reported to AAPCC with 2 deaths Toxicity manifests as classic anticholinergic posioning
Slide 46-

Jimsonweed Toxicity toxic agents - solanaceous alkaloids, atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine highest concentration of active agents is in the seeds (0.1 mg atropine per seed) As little as 1/2 tsp. of seeds has caused death from pulmonary arrest handling the seeds or leaves and rubbing the eyes can cause mydriasis Seeds can be made into a tea Reports of smoking the leaves of the plant
Slide 47-

Jimsonweed toxicity, cont. Clinical features: tachycardia, dry flushed skin, dry mucous membranes, mydriasis, blurred vision, hyperpyrexia, urinary retention, confusion, disorientation, loss of short term memory, ataxia, visual and auditory hallucinations, psychosis, death
Slide 48-

Jimsonweed toxicity, cont. “Mad as a hatter, red as a beet, dry as a bone, blind as a bat and hot as a hare” Treatment maintain airway transport do not induce vomiting and defer administration of activated charcoal unless prolonged transport time is anticipated
Slide 49-

Jimsonweed, thorn apple, angel’s trumpet
Slide 50-

Jimsonweed, flowers
Slide 51-

Jimsonweed, seed pod
Slide 52-

Pokeweed
Slide 53-

Pokeweed AKA Inkberry, pigeonberry Roots and leaves are the most toxic, fruit is mildly toxic Toxic principle is a resinous material and a water soluble saponin
Slide 54-

Poke weed Clinical signs produces a burning sensation in the mouth, GI cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, visual disturbances, diaphoresis, salivation, prostration, can be fatal To prepare pokeweed your must boil the leaves twice to remove the toxic principle Treatment - Ipecac, activated charcoal, transport
Slide 55-

Pokeweed, Ink berries
Slide 56-

Pokeweed, Ink berries
Slide 57-

Pokeweed
Slide 58-

Pokeweed
Slide 59-

Toxicodendron
Slide 60-

Poison Ivy All portions of the plant, even the smoke from burning leaves Toxic principle - an oily oleoresin called urushiol Urushiol can be transmitted from person to person or other vehicles by direct contact
Slide 61-

Poison Ivy 50-70% of US population is susceptible Poison ivy east of the Rockies, poison oak west and poison sumac in the south east. Clinical signs severe allergic contact dermatitis 12-24 hours post exposure, blistering, inflammation, and vesicle formation Urushiol penetrates skin and binds to membrane lipids within 10-20 minutes of exposure
Slide 62-

Poison Ivy, cont. Treatment: avoid contact, wash affected area with soap and rinse with alcohol, repeat 2 tbsp. Epsom’s salt/cup of water, sponge onto the affected area and allow to dry, 2-3 times/day Electronic itch stopper Tecnu cleanser corticosteroids, topically and orally histamine blockers
Slide 63-

ppt slide no 63 content not found
Slide 64-

Poison Ivy, cont. Treatment: cont. calamine lotion zinc oxide ointment baking soda paste (one tablespoon of baking soda to one teaspoon of water) baths in oatmeal soap or medicated oatmeal based products like Avenno. Zanfel - binds to urushiol Ivy Block - a pre-exposure preventative
Slide 65-

ppt slide no 65 content not found
Slide 66-

Poison Ivy, cont. Treatment: cont. If you were exposed to the smoke of burning poison ivy, oak or sumac and you believe you may have breathed in the fumes, you need to seek medical treatment immediately. Some people can have life threatening reactions from inhaling urushiol vapors into their lungs. In some states, it is illegal to burn poison ivy due to the health risks it represents.
Slide 67-

ppt slide no 67 content not found
Slide 68-

Toxicodendron, Poison Ivy
Slide 69-

Poison Ivy “Leaflets of three, let it be”
Slide 70-

Poison Ivy
Slide 71-

Poison Ivy
Slide 72-

ppt slide no 72 content not found
Slide 73-

ppt slide no 73 content not found
Slide 74-

Poison Ivy Other urushiol containing plants: cashew nut shells - exposure to unroasted cashew nut shells can cause a reaction, roasting inactivates the allergen. mango tree - mango fruit skin can cause reactions in sensitive individuals ginkgo tree
Slide 75-

Mushroom Toxicity
Slide 76-

Mushroom toxicity 1999 AAPCC reported 8996 mushroom exposures, 2930 treated in a hospital and 6 fatalities 5976 of these ingestions were in children > 6 years Amanitin phalloides accounts for 90-95% of all fatalities from mushroom poisoning in North America
Slide 77-

Mushroom toxicity Never eat any wild mushroom Etiology - consumption of raw or cooked mushrooms/toadstools Cooking, canning or freezing WILL NOT render toxic mushrooms non toxic Clinical Syndromes - usually acute onset of signs and symptoms
Slide 78-

Categories of Mushroom Toxicity I) Protoplasmic poisons - destruction of cells Signs and Symptoms Stage I - first 6-24 hrs., severe abdominal pain, severe diarrhea Stage II - 24-48 hrs., apparent recovery , cellular destruction is occurring in the kidney and liver Stage III - 3-5 days post ingestion, liver and kidney failure, death can occur 4-7 days post ingestion Treatment - induce vomiting, transport
Slide 79-

Examples of Mushrooms which cause protoplasmic poisoning
Slide 80-

Amanita phalloides Contain a mixture of heat stable cyclopeptides including: phalloidin phalloin amatoxin - accounts for the lethality
Slide 81-

Amanita phalloides
Slide 82-

Amanita phalloides
Slide 83-

Categories of Mushroom Toxicity, cont. II) Neurotoxins contain compounds which cause neurological signs and symptoms, convulsions, hallucinations, excitation, depression, spastic colon.
Slide 84-

Examples of Mushrooms which cause Neurologic signs and symptoms
Slide 85-

Amanita muscarina
Slide 86-

Inocybe sp.
Slide 87-

Inocybe sp.
Slide 88-

Inocybe sp.
Slide 89-

Inocybe sp.
Slide 90-

Psilocybe sp.
Slide 91-

Psilocybe sp.
Slide 92-

Categories of Mushroom Toxicity, cont. III) Gastrointestinal irritants cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea Examples: green gill, gray pink gill, etc.
Slide 93-

Green gill These large, common mushrooms often appear in fairy rings on suburban lawns, commonly called toadstools. They cause violent gastrointestinal upset. Is parasol-shaped and has a cream or tan, scaly cap, a large ring on the stem and cream-colored gills which turn dingy green with age.
Slide 94-

Green gill, cont. As its name suggests, it is the only mushroom with a greenish spore print. Size 4" to 12" tall, 2" to 12" in diameter. This mushroom is found in summer and fall, on the ground in lawns, pastures and meadows.
Slide 95-

Green gill, green spored
Slide 96-

Categories of Mushroom Toxicity, cont. IV) Disulfiram-like compounds generally non toxic and produce no clinical signs unless alcohol is consumed within 72 hours of eating them. Example - inky cap mushroom
Slide 97-

Inky cap mushroom
Slide 98-

Diagnosis of Human toxicity Clinical testing History Outbreaks are not very common Usually isolated cases - seen in people who go out picking mushrooms Patient management - induce vomiting, give activated charcoal, seek medical help
Slide 99-

ppt slide no 99 content not found