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The Basics of Hearing Health Care PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Audiology, which is titled "The Basics of Hearing Health Care", to know about Hearing Loss, Audiologist, an Audiology.

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Impact of Hearing Loss What is an Audiologist? i. Definition ii. Audiology Scope of practice Audiology 101 Common “ear-related” complaints and Types of Hearing Loss i. What is included in a typical Audiological Assessment ii. Deciphering an Audiogram iii. Hearing aids How can we help you and your patients? i. Audiology Scope of practice ii. The Importance of Audiologic Treatment and Assessment Outline
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Hearing loss Is the second most prevalent cause of living with a disability after depression [Mathers et al (2003) and Weinstein (2011)] Is recognized by the World Health Organization as being in the top 3 of their Global Burden of Disease along with depression and arthritis (http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets) Can accelerate some disabilities such as cognitive dysfunction and depression Can be mistaken for cognitive concerns Impact
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1 in 5 Canadians aged 20 to 79 (an estimated 4.6 million adults) have hearing loss. Aging is the leading cause of hearing loss (Cruickshanks et al. 2003), with measured hearing loss rising sharply after age 40, to reach 44% at ages 60-69, 65% at ages 70 to 79 and 90% over the age of 80 (Cruickshanks et al. 1998) . The population aged 65 + is projected to double from 5 million in 2011 to 10.4 million by 2036. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2015007/article/14206-eng.htm Statistics
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Hearing loss can lead to: An increased risk of poverty (Jung et al. 2012) Social isolation (Arlinger, 2003) Increased need for support services and hospital care (Schneider, 2010) Depression, withdrawal, stress, anger and fatigue causing damage to families and relationships (Chia, 2007); (Sindhusake, 2001) Impact
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In summary, the impact of hearing loss includes: Restricted quality of life Increased cost to healthcare systems Increased dependence on social services Lost contributions to the economy and to communities Hearing loss can be managed to reduce the impact Impact
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An audiologist is an independent, professional provider of primary hearing health care, who specializes in the conservation of hearing and in the identification, assessment, management, and treatment of hearing and balance disorders. https://canadianaudiology.ca/professional-resources/scope-of-practice/ What is an Audiologist?
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Audiologists hold a master’s or doctoral degree in audiology from an accredited university, and are, in most provinces, licensed or otherwise governed by a regulatory body. Audiologists serve in a number of roles including clinician, diagnostician, therapist, educator, consultant, researcher, and administrator. https://canadianaudiology.ca/professional-resources/scope-of-practice/ What is an Audiologist?
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Identification Treatment Counselling Cerumen management Educational consulting Vestibular Assessment and Rehabilitation Newborn Hearing Screening programs Involvement in auditory implant teams Coordinate hearing conservation programs Intraoperative Monitoring Advocacy Research https://canadianaudiology.ca/professional-resources/scope-of-practice/ Scope of Practice
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Common ear-related complaints Hearing Loss and Children What is an Audiological Assessment? Deciphering an Audiogram Types of Hearing Loss Amplification (Re)Habilitation Audiology 101: Outline
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Trouble hearing in noise “Sounds are muffled” “Everyone mumbles” Difficulty hearing on the phone… Ringing, whooshing or buzzing sound Balance concerns Pain in the ear (Otitis media) Itchy ear canals (External otitis, fungal growth) Common Ear Related Complaints
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Audiological Assessment
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Deciphering an Audiogram
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Hearing loss is described in degree, shape and nature, not in percentages… Degree of Hearing Loss
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Conductive Hearing Loss: caused by an abnormality of the conductive system. Pathology of the EXTERNAL EAR External ear canal deformity (atresia) Blockage from cerumen or foreign object Perforated tympanic membrane Pathology in the MIDDLE EAR Serous and Purulent Otitis media Otosclerosis Cholesteatoma Treatment may include ongoing monitoring, amplification with hearing aids or Bone Anchored/Conduction Hearing Devices Types of Hearing Loss
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss: caused by hair cell damage or abnormality within the cochlea (inner ear). Noise exposure Ototoxic medication Meniere’s disease Infections Idiopathic Congenital Aging (presbycusis) Types of Hearing Loss
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Mixed Hearing Loss: Hearing loss due to both conductive and sensorineural factors Types of Hearing Loss
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Retro-cochlear Pathology: Hearing loss due to a misconnection between the inner ear and auditory centre of the brain. Disorders include: Auditory Neuropathy Central Auditory Processing Disorder Acoustic Neuroma Types of Hearing Loss
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Common coping strategies used by individuals with untreated hearing impairment include: Substitution: “mall or Paul?” Smile and nod… Talking and not listening “What? Huh?” Withdrawal: social and environmental Speaking loudly What Does Untreated Hearing Loss Look Like? Such coping strategies often lead to miscommunication, indifference, exhaustion, social isolation and frustration. They can also easily be mistaken for cognitive impairment.
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Effects of Untreated Hearing Loss on a Child's Development: Development delays in both receptive and expressive communication skills (speech and language). These skills are critical for meeting developmental milestones and allowing children to interact with those around them. Learning challenges that result in reduced academic achievement. Communication difficulties often lead to social isolation and poor self-concept. May have an impact on vocational choices. UNTREATED HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN OFTEN PRESENTS AS MISIDENTIFIED BEHAVIOURAL CONCERNS. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Effects-of-Hearing-Loss-on-Development/ Hearing Loss in Children
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Some common issues youth with hearing loss face are: 1) Identity confusion. Youth with hearing loss may have a hard time understanding where they fit in with peers, especially if they are exposed only to hearing peers. They may ask themselves: “Am I Deaf? Hearing? Or in between…If so, what does that mean?”… or “Am I the only one?” 2) Academic challenges. Students with hearing loss may fall behind in school because they can miss information and disengage from class discussions. The hearing loss makes it difficult to take notes and listen at the same time, or catch every bit of cross talk, so students have to work extra hard to keep up. 3) Depression or low self- esteem. Again, this is a common experience for many teens, but some youth with hearing loss might feel frustrated by the sense of being ‘different.’ This can lead to social isolation, withdrawal and other symptoms of depression. http://www.hearingspeech.org/main/care-treatment/concerns/hearing-loss-effects-on-child-development/ Hearing Loss in Children
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Digital hearing aids contain sophisticated sound processing software algorithms that tailor the response to the individual patient’s needs Bilateral amplification is recommended to help improve communication in noise and sound localization ability Consistent use is key, as is providing intervention sooner rather than later 90% of people with hearing loss can improve communication with properly fitted hearing aids and rehabilitative counselling [McArdle R et al. (2005), Boothroyd (2007), Hawkins (2005)] Assistive Listening Devices: Pocket Talkers, remote microphones, amplified telephones and FM systems Implantable devices: Cochlear Implants, Bone Anchored Hearing Devices and Middle Ear Drivers Amplification
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After recording significant improvements in the psychological state and mental functions of a population of hearing aid users age 65 +, Acar et al. (2011) concluded that using hearing aids are a good solution for the elderly. Hearing aids improve adults’ health-related quality of life by reducing the psychological, social, and emotional effects of hearing loss. (Chisolm, T et al. 2007) Benefits of Amplification
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Hearing is the most SOCIAL SENSE we have. Without it, we are isolated Frustration Withdrawal Isolation Depression Long term care Consequences of Hearing Loss
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30% to 40% of people with hearing loss are at greater risk of experiencing cognitive decline as compared to those who have normal hearing. (Lin et al. 2013) Why? A reduction in neural stimulation (neuron firing) Loss of environmental stimulation Poor social interactions, loneliness (isolation?) Exhaustion due to increased effort to hear It is important for hearing-impaired adults both with and without cognitive decline and or functional deficits to receive the appropriate audiologic treatment to improve their quality of life. Dementia and Hearing Loss
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Studies demonstrating links between hearing loss and depression found that: Individuals with hearing loss are more vulnerable to depression (Castiglione, 2016) Individuals with hearing loss often display maladaptive coping skills (Manrique-Huarte, 2016) Individuals with hearing loss can have symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hsu, 2016) Clinical Implications: An untreated hearing loss may be a contributing factor to a persons’ depression. Hearing Loss and Depression
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The use of hearing aids leads to significantly fewer depressive symptoms and significantly improved quality of life, general health, mental health, social engagement and emotional stability. Boi et al (2012) , Mulrow et al (1990) Hearing Loss and Depression It is important for hearing-impaired adults both with and without cognitive decline and or functional deficits to receive the appropriate audiologic treatment to improve their quality of life.
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Hearing loss has now been linked to a broad range of disease processes including: An association between high frequency hearing loss and increased risk of falls. Lin and Ferrucci (2012) An association with Type II diabetes: hearing impaired adults are more than twice as likely to have Type II diabetes compared to those who do not have hearing loss. Bainbridge et al (2008) A link with cardiovascular disease. Gates et al (1993) and Fisher et al (2014) Hearing Loss and Other Co-Morbid Conditions
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Clinical implications: In summary, hearing loss is often linked to other chronic medical conditions such as: Falls Type II Diabetes Cardiovascular disturbances Cognitive decline Depression Hearing loss can be a hidden disability! Regular hearing tests/rehabilitation should be done to promote long-term health and longevity. Hearing Loss and Other Co-Morbid Conditions
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Hearing loss interferes with a patient’s ability to be treated for other medical conditions as it can hinder their ability to engage with physicians and understand treatment advice and directives. Aspects of patient-physician communication affected by hearing loss include: Review of medication use, dosage, etc. Cognitive assessment (dementia or other cognitive deficits) Cognitive or depression screenings Communication of key components of a treatment plan or follow-up care Discussion of palliative care and end of life issues Patients With Hearing Loss
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As university trained professionals, audiologists have a broader range of testing, diagnostic and management skills than college educated hearing care providers. An audiologist can provide hearing health care to people of all ages, including children and infants. Audiologists have a strong partnership with ENT surgeons for care and adaptation after intervention is selected. Testing is non-invasive and only takes 30-45 minutes. Amplification and proper counselling/rehabilitation services have been proven to alleviate the negative effects of untreated hearing loss. Why Refer an Audiologist?
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Hearing impairment is a hidden disability not often perceived by patients or those within their support system. Hearing loss is often linked to other chronic medical conditions. Encourage your patients to have their hearing tested as part of their annual check-up, especially if they are over the age of 60. Summary
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Acar, B et al. (2011) Effects of hearing aids on cognitive functions and depressive signs in elderly people. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 52(3):250-252 Aging in the Community – Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series 2008;8(1) Allen, N.H., Burns, A., Newton, V., Hickson, F., Ramsden, R., Rogers, J. et al., (2003) The effects of improving hearing in dementia. Age Ageing, 32, 189-193. Arlinger, S. (2003) Negative consequences of untreated hearing loss: A review. International Journal of Audiology, 42, 2S17-21. Bainbridge, et al. (2008). Diabetes and hearing impairment in the United States (NHANES). Annals Intern Med. 149(1): 1-10. Boi R, Racca L, Cavallero A, Carpaneto V, Racca M, Dall'Acqua F, Ricchetti M, Santelli A, and Odetti P. (2012). Hearing loss and depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 12(3):440-5. Boothroyd A. (2007) Adult aural rehabilitation: what is it and does it work? Trends Amplif; 11(2): 63-71 Castiglione A, Benatti A, Velardita C, Favaro D, Padoan E, Severi D, Pagliaro M, Bovo R, Vallesi A, Gabelli C, Martini A (2016). Aging, Cognitive Decline and Hearing Loss: Effects of Auditory Rehabilitation and Training with Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants on Cognitive Function and Depression among Older Adults. Audiol Neurootol. 2016;21 Suppl 1:21-28. Chia EM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Cumming RR, Newall P, Mitchell P. (2007) Hearing impairment and health related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Hearing Study. Ear Hear 28(2) 187-95; REFERENCES
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Chisolm, Theresa Hnath; Johnson, Carole E.; Danhauer, Jeffrey L.; Portz, Laural J. P.; Abrams, Harvey B.; Lesner, Sharon; McCarthy, Patricia A.; Newman, Craig W. (2007) ort of the American Academy of Audiology Task Force on the health-related quality of life benefits of amplification in adults. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, Vol 18(2), Feb, pp. 151-183. Publisher: American Academy of Audiology. Cruickshanks KJ et al. (1998) Prevalence of hearing Loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am J Epidemiol 148 (9). Cruickshanks KJ, Tweed TS, Wiley TL, Klein BE, Klein R, Chappell R, Nondahl DM, Dalton DS. (2003) The 5-year incidence and progression of hearing loss: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 129(10): 1041-6) Fisher, et al. (2014). Impairments in hearing and vision impact on mortabiity in older people. Age and Aging. 43(1): 69-76. Garnefski N and Kraaij V. (2012). Cognitive coping and goal adjustment are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with acquired hearing loss. Inter Jour Aud. 51(1): 545-550. Gates GA, Cobb JL, D'Agostino RB, and Wolf PA. (1993). The relation of hearing in the elderly to the presence of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 119(2):156-161. REFERENCES
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Hawkins DB. (2005) Effectiveness of counseling-based adult group aural rehabilitation programs: a systematic review of the evidence. J Am Acad Audiol 16(7): 485-93 Hsu WT, Hsu CC, Wen MH, Lin HC, Tsai HT, Su P, Sun CT, Lin CL, Hsu CY, Chang KH, Hsu YC (2016). Increased risk of depression in patients with acquired sensory hearing loss: A 12-year follow-up study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Nov;95(44):e5312. Jones E and White A. (1990). Mental health and acquired hearing impairment: A review. Brit Jour Aud. 24(1): 3-9. Jung, David & Bhattacharyya, Neil, (2012) Association of Hearing Loss With Decreased Employment and Income Among Adults in the United States. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, Dec; 121 (12): 771-5 Lin F, Ferrucci L. (2012). Hearing loss and falls among older adults in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 172(4): 369-371. Lin F, et al. (2013). Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults. JAMA Intern Med. 173(4)293-299. Manrique-Huarte R, Calavia D, Huarte Irujo A, Girón L, Manrique-Rodríguez M (2016). Treatment for Hearing Loss among the Elderly: Auditory Outcomes and Impact on Quality of Life. Audiol Neurootol. 2016;21 Suppl 1:29-35. Mathers C, et al. (2003). Global burden of hearing loss in the year 2000. Geneva: World Health Organization. www.who.int/healthcareinfo/statistics/bod_hearingloss.pdf [accessed July 18, 2015]. McArdle R, Chisolm TH, Abrams HB, Wilson RH, Doyle PJ (2005). The WHO-DAS II: Measuring Outcomes of Hearing Aid Intervention for Adults. Trends Amplification Summer 2005, 9(3): 127–143. REFERENCES
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Medical Advisory Secretariat. Aging in the community: summary of evidence based analysis [Internet]. [updated 2008; cited 2009 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/providers/program/mas/tech/reviews/pdf/rev_ac_sum_20081002.pdf Mulrow CD, Aguilar C, Endicott JE, Tuley MR, Velez R, Charlip WS, Rhodes MC, Hill JA, and DeNino LA. (1990). Quality-of-life changes and hearing impairment: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 13(3):188-194. Peters, C.A., Potter, J.F., & Scholer, S.G. (1988) Hearing impairment as a predictor of cognitive decline in dementia. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 36, 981-986 Quaranta, N., et al. (2014) The prevalence of peripheral and central hearingimpairment and its relation to cognition in older adults. Audiology & Neuro Otology, 19(1): p. 10-4. Schneider J, Gopinath B, Karpa MJ, McMahon CM, Rochtchina E, Leeder SR, Mitchell P (2010). Hearing loss impacts on the use of community and informal supports. Age Ageing. 2010 Jul;39(4):458-64. Sindhusake D, Mitchell P, Smith W, Golding M, Newall P, Hartley D. (2001). Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Study. Int J Epidemiol 30 (6) 1371-8. Wahl, H.-W., & Heyl, V. (2003) Connections between vision, hearing, and cognitive function in old age. Generations, 27, 39-45. Weinstein B. (2011). Screening for otological functional impairments in the elderly: Whose job is it anyways? Audiology Research. 1(12): 42-48. Weinstein, B., & Amsel, L. (1986) Hearing loss and senile dementia in the institutionalized elderly. Clinical Gerontologist, 4, 3-15 REFERENCES