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The Autopsy-Who What Why When and How PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pathology, which is titled "The Autopsy: Who, What, Why, When and How?", to know about autopsy, a detailed and comprehensive medical examination of a body to help establish the cause of death.

Tags : Pathology, Autopsy, medical examination, death

Published on : Aug 03, 2021 | Views : 2136 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

The Autopsy: Who, What, Why, When and How?
Slide 2-

What is an autopsy? A detailed and comprehensive medical examination of a body to help establish the cause of death From the Greek word ‘autopsia’ meaning to ‘see for oneself’ Post-mortem examination and necropsy are also used
Slide 3-

What is the purpose of an autopsy? To determine the cause of death To provide an accurate diagnosis To allow more accurate genetic counselling for the family To help treatment of relatives To provide reassurance about the medical/surgical treatment of the patient To help with the grieving process (questions answered)
Slide 4-

What are the benefits of an autopsy? Discovery of new diseases Audit – prenatal diagnosis, surgery, drug therapy Maintenance of clinical standards Improved patient care Better planning of hospital services Training, professional development of staff, clinical, pathology Research
Slide 5-

Are there different types of autopsy? Hospital (consented) autopsy Medicolegal autopsy (HM Coroner or Procurator Fiscal)
Slide 6-

Who is the Coroner (or Procurator Fiscal)? An independent judicial officer Legally (or medically) qualified Empowered to investigate the circumstances of death in his/her jurisdiction
Slide 7-

Who is the Coroner? If there is a medical cause of death, then the coroner does not legally have to be informed of the death Deaths should be reported if a result of: violence misadventure negligence misconduct or malpractice by others
Slide 8-

Who performs the autopsy? Dependent on the type of case: Forensic pathologist Histopathologist Neuropathologist Paediatric pathologist (Or a combination of the above)
Slide 9-

Where is an autopsy carried out? In a mortuary This can be attached to a hospital or a separate facility Mortuaries are traditionally thought of as dark and dirty…
Slide 10-

But this is a modern-day mortuary
Slide 11-

How is the autopsy performed? It begins with lots of checks: The right body The right investigation All the paperwork present Consent form completed (if required) History taken from the clinician, the medical notes or the Coroner’s Officer
Slide 12-

Pathologist’s work gear
Slide 13-

The Autopsy Examination Warning: the description that follows is quite graphic We are going to talk about causes of death
Slide 14-

The body is examined A detailed external examination
Slide 15-

Bruises, lacerations, incisions Any external marks are noted, measured and photographed Bruises, lacerations, incisions and abrasions are all recorded Type of injury may give idea of cause of death
Slide 16-

The incision is made on the skin
Slide 17-

The incision Is usually a large incision, from the nape of the neck to the pubic bone If the death is thought to be due to hanging or strangulation, it may be extended The skin is then peeled down the body on either side
Slide 18-

Ribs shears Used to cut the anterior (front) part of the rib from the sternum
Slide 19-

The organs are exposed
Slide 20-

The organs are removed and examined
Slide 21-

Forceps (toothed and non-toothed) Delicate tweezers for holding and moving tissues
Slide 22-

Ladle Ladles are often used to remove and measure fluids such as blood in body cavities
Slide 23-

Scalpel A scalpel is used for fine cutting and dissection
Slide 24-

PM40 A larger knife called a PM40 is used for cutting larger organs
Slide 25-

Enterotome Specially adapted scissors, called an enterotome, are used for opening the bowel
Slide 26-

Scissors Scissors are used for cutting and blunt dissection
Slide 27-

Examination of the organs Each of the organs is removed and examined in turn Each organ system is carefully and systematically inspected for evidence of disease This may be a concurrent or coincidental disease process, particularly in the elderly
Slide 28-

Hand saw or rotating saw To remove the top of the cranium
Slide 29-

Skull key (T-chisel) To ease open the cranium to remove the brain
Slide 30-

The brain is removed
Slide 31-

Examination of the organs What has caused the death? Is there other disease present that may have contributed towards death? Has medical or surgical treatment contributed towards death?
Slide 32-

The heart is a muscle It pumps blood around the body The heart has 4 chambers, 2 on the right and 2 on the left
Slide 33-

Heart disease Coronary heart disease is the biggest cause of death in the UK 1 in 5 deaths in the UK is from coronary heart disease Nearly 70,000 men and 50,000 women have a heart attack in the UK every year
Slide 34-

The heart of a 12 week fetus