Download Free Medical Tonsils PowerPoint Presentation

Tonsils PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Tonsils" by Elizabeth Rose.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about tonsils, two small masses of tissue located at the back of the throat, one on each side. They are part of the bodys immune system and help to protect against infections by trapping and filtering out bacteria and other harmful substances that enter the body through the mouth and nose.

Tonsils can sometimes become infected and inflamed, a condition known as tonsillitis. Symptoms of tonsillitis may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. In some cases, repeated or severe tonsillitis may require removal of the tonsils through a surgical procedure known as a tonsillectomy.

It is important to note that while tonsils can provide some protection against infections, they are not essential organs, and their removal does not significantly impact the bodys immune system.

Tags : tonsils, throat, tonsillitis

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 2211 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Tonsils
Slide 2-

Tonsils are large lymphoid tissue situated in the lateral wall of the oropharynx. They form lateral part of the Waldeyer's ring. Tonsil occupies the tonsillar fossa between diverging palato-pharyngeal and palatoglossal folds
Slide 3-

Tonsil has two surfaces, medial and lateral; two borders anterior and posterior; two poles upper and lower; two developmental folds plica triangulris and plica semilumris; and one cleft intratonsillar cleft. Medial surface is covered by squamous epithelium and presents 15-20 crypts usually plugged with epithelial and bacterial debris
Slide 4-

Lateral surface extends deep to surrounding boundaries. It is coated with a fibrous sheet, an extension of pharyngobasilar fascia called capsule of the tonsil. The capsule is loosely attached to the muscular wall but antero-inferiorly it is attached firmly to the side of the tongue just in front of insertion of palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles
Slide 5-

Tonsils-Gross & Microscopic
Slide 6-

Bed of the tonsil comprises of Loose aerolar tissue Pharyngobasilar fascia Superior constrictor muscle :
Slide 7-

Blood Supply of tonsil Tonsillar branch of the dorsal lingual Ascending palatine branch of facial artery Tonsillar branch of facial artery Ascending pharyngeal Descending palatine
Slide 8-

Acute tonsillitis Mainly a disease of childhood but is also seen in adults. May occur primarily as infection of the tonsils themselves or may secondarily occur as a result of URTI following viral infection. Organisms: Beta-haemolytic streptococcus Staphylococcus Haemophilus influenzae Pneumococcus The part played by viruses in acute tonsillitis is unknown.
Slide 9-

Pathology-1 The process of inflammation originating within the tonsil is accompanied by hyperemia and oedema with conversion of lymphoid follicles in to small abscesses which discharge into crypts. When inflammatory exudate collects in tonsillar crypts these present as multiple white spots on inflamed tonsillar surface giving rise to clinical picture of follicular tonsillitis.
Slide 10-

Catarrhal tonsillitis When tonsils are inflamed as part of the generalised infection of the oropharyngeal mucosa it is called catarrhal tonsillitis.
Slide 11-

Membranous tonsillitis. Some times exudation from crypts may coalesce to form a membrane over the surface of tonsil, giving rise to clinical picture of membranous tonsillitis.
Slide 12-

Parenchymatous tonsillitis When the whole tonsil is uniformly congested and swollen it is called acute parenchymatous tonsillitis
Slide 13-

Complications Chronic tonsillitis Peri tonsillar Abscess Para Pharyngeal Space Abscess Acute SOM Acute nephritis RHEUMATIC Fever Laryngeal edema Septicemia Differential Diagnosis Scarlet fever Diphtheria Vincent's infection Agranulocytosis Glandular fever
Slide 14-

Symptoms: Discomfort in throat Difficulty in swallowing Generalised body ache Fever Earache and Thick speech Signs: Swollen congested tonsils with exudates Enlarged tender Jugulo-diagastric lymph nodes
Slide 15-

Complications-1 Local: Severe swelling with spread of infection and inflammation to the hypopharynx and larynx may occasionally produce increasing respiratory obstruction, although it is very rare in uncomplicated acute tonsillitis.
Slide 16-

Complications-2 Peritonsillar abscess is one of the complications of acute tonsillitis and its development means that infection has spread outside tonsillar capsule. Spread of infection from tonsil or more usually from a peritonsillar abscess through the superior constrictor muscle of the pharynx first results in cellulitis of the neck and later in parapharyngeal space abscess.
Slide 17-

Complications-3 The systemic or general complications of acute tonsillitis are rare and almost confined to childhood. Septicemia: Untreated acute tonsillitis can result in septicemia with septic abscesses, septic arthritis and meningitis
Slide 18-

Complications-4 Acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis: These diseases are of unknown aetiology and follow infection with Beta-haemolytic streptococcus. The current belief is that antibodies produced against the streptococcus may in some instances cross react with patient’s own tissue. Thus the effect on tissue may be an arthritis, endocarditis or myocarditis or a dermatitis or rheumatic chorea (inflammation of cerebral cortex and basal ganglia).
Slide 19-

Peritonsillar Abscess or Quinsy It is a collection of pus between fibrous capsule of the tonsil usually at its upper pole and the superior constrictor muscle of pharynx. It usually occurs as a complication of the acute tonsillitis or it may apparently arise de novo with no preceding tonsillitis.
Slide 20-

Bacteriology The bacteriology of acute tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess is different although one is a complication of the other. The bacteriology of the quinsy is characterized by mixed flora with multiple organisms both aerobic and anaerobic.
Slide 21-

Clinical Features Fit and young adult with a prior history of repeated attacks of acute tonsillitis. Preceded by a sore throat for 2-3 days which gradually becomes severe and unilateral. At this stage patient is ill with fever, often a headache and severe throat pain made worse by swallowing. There might be referred otalgia, pain and swelling in the neck due to infective lymphadenopathy. The patient’s voice develops a characteristic ‘plummy’ quality.
Slide 22-

Signs Ill looking patient Pyrexia Often with severe trismus Striking asymmetry with oedema and hyperaemia of the soft palate. Enlarged hyperaemic and displaced tonsil Usually enlarged lymph nodes in JD region.
Slide 23-

Treatment Preferably admitted to hospital and treated with analgesics and antibiotics. In a patient with an early peritonsillar abscess which is really a peritonsillar cellulitis incision and drainage are not recommended.
Slide 24-

Indications for I/D include marked bulging of soft palate or failure of an assumed PTab to respond to adequate antibiotics. This is undertaken at the point of maximum bulge. Interval tonsillectomy after 6 weeks. Abscess tonsillectomy.
Slide 25-

Complications Quinsy is a potentially lethal condition Pharyngeal & Laryngeal oedema Parapharyngeal space abscess