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Neurologic Assessment PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Neurologic Assessment” by Denise Coffey MSN, RN.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about neurological assessment, a systematic evaluation of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is performed to diagnose neurological disorders and to monitor the progression of neurological diseases. Here are some key components of a neurological assessment:

Mental Status Exam: This includes assessment of the patients level of consciousness, orientation to time and place, attention, memory, language, and abstract reasoning.
Cranial Nerves: Assessment of the twelve cranial nerves, which control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck. This includes testing for visual acuity, eye movements, facial movements, hearing, and taste.
Motor Function: Assessment of muscle strength, tone, coordination, and gait.
Sensory Function: Assessment of sensation, including touch, pain, temperature, vibration, and position sense.
Reflexes: Assessment of deep tendon reflexes, including the biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar, and Achilles reflexes.
Coordination: Assessment of fine motor skills, such as finger-to-nose and heel-to-shin tests.
Mental Health: Assessment of mental health status, including mood, affect, and thought content.

A neurological assessment should be performed by a trained healthcare professional, such as a neurologist or a nurse practitioner, and can be tailored to the specific needs of the patient based on their medical history and presenting symptoms.

Tags : neurological assessment, nervous system, brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neurological disorders, neurological diseases, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2860 | Downloads : 3

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Slide 1-

Neurologic Assessment Denise Coffey MSN, RN
Slide 2-

Structure and Function Central Nervous System (CNS) Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Wernicke’s area Broca’s area Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebellum Brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla Spinal cord Slide 23-2
Slide 3-

Structure and Function (cont.) Pathways of the CNS Crossed representation Sensory pathways Spinothalamic tract Posterior (dorsal) column Motor pathways Corticospinal or pyramidal tract Extrapyramidal tracts Cerebellar system Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons Slide 23-3
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Cerebral Cortex Slide 23-4
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Components of the Central Nervous System Slide 23-5 [PRODUCTION NOTE: Please insert Figure 23-2 (from Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 5e, ISBN: 978-1-4160-3243-4)] © Pat Thomas, 2006.
Slide 7-

Subjective Data—Health History Questions Headache Head injury Dizziness/vertigo Seizures Tremors Weakness Slide 23-7
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam Preparation Screening neurologic examination Complete neurologic examination Neurologic recheck Equipment needed Penlight Tongue blade Cotton swab Cotton ball Tuning fork (128 or 256 Hz) Percussion hammer Occasionally need: familiar aromatic substance Slide 23-8
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont.) Test Cranial Nerves I—Olfactory II—Optic III—Oculomotor, IV—Trochlear, VI—Abducens V—Trigeminal Motor function Sensory function Corneal reflex VII—Facial Motor function Sensory function VIII—Acoustic (vestibulocochlear) IX—Glossopharyngeal, X—Vagus Motor function Sensory function XI—Spinal accessory XII—Hypoglossal Slide 23-9
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont.) Motor System—Inspect and palpate Muscles Size Strength Tone Involuntary movements Cerebellar function Balance tests Gait Tandem walking Romberg’s test Shallow knee bend Coordination and skilled movements Rapid alternating movements Finger-to-finger test Finger-to-nose test Heel-to-shin test Slide 23-11
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont.) Sensory System Person is alert, cooperative, and comfortable Guidelines for sensory testing Spinothalamic tract Pain Temperature Light touch Posterior column tract Vibration Position (kinesthesia) Tactile discrimination (fine touch) Stereognosis Graphesthesia Two-point discrimination Extinction Point location Slide 23-12
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont.) Test the stretch or deep tendon reflexes Technique Grading Reinforcement Biceps reflex Triceps reflex Brachioradialis reflex Quadriceps reflex Achilles reflex (“ankle jerk”) Clonus Test the superficial reflexes Abdominal reflex Cremasteric reflex Plantar reflex Slide 23-13
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Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont.) Neurologic recheck Level of consciousness Person Place Time Motor function Pupillary response Vital signs Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Slide 23-14
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Pupillary Changes Oculomotor response (Cranial nerve III) Size, equality, and roundness of pupils assessed Size measured in millimeters Evaluated for symmetry in size and response to light stimulus Brisk, sluggish, non-reactive Consensual reaction of opposite pupil at same time
Slide 18-

Pupillary Changes to Light
Slide 19-

Pupillary Changes Assess accommodation by holding finger 4-6 inches from client’s nose and then pull out to 18 inches. As finger moves away pupil will accommodate by dilating, as finger moves closer, constricting PEARLA- Pupils equal and reactive to light and accommodation
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Motor Function Ability to follow commands Muscle tone Muscle strength Coordination Balance (Romberg test) Posturing (Decorticate, Decerebrate)
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Sensory Function Tactile sensation Pain Temperature Vibratory sensation Tactile discrimination
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Reflexes Superficial Deep tendon Biceps Triceps Patellar Achilles Plantar (Babinski Response)
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Assess Speech and Hearing Clear and appropriate Confused Inappropriate Garbled Aphasia (Expressive, Receptive) Limited hearing Use of hearing aids
Slide 26-

Sample Charting Slide 23-26
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Sample Charting (cont.) Slide 23-27
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Sample Charting (cont.) Slide 23-28