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Leukaemia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Leukaemia".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about leukemia, also known as blood cancer. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of blood cells. Leukemia affects the white blood cells, causing them to multiply uncontrollably and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.

There are several types of leukemia, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The symptoms of leukemia may include fatigue, weakness, fever, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding.

Treatment for leukemia depends on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant. The outlook for people with leukemia varies depending on the type and stage of the disease and other factors, but with early detection and proper treatment, many people can live long and healthy lives.

Tags : Leukaemia, blood cancer, cancer of bone marrow, white blood cells

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1987 | Downloads : 3

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Slide 1-

Leukaemia represents a group of diseases characterised by “ unregulated proliferation and incomplete maturation of the precursors to white cells and lymphocytes” – Lichtman MA, Segel GB. Leukaemia
Slide 2-

Acute myeloid leukaemia AML Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ALL Chronic myeloid leukaemia CML Chronic lymphoblastic leukaemia CLL Four main types:-
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1 Remission Induction therapy - in hospital about 4weeks 2 Consolidation therapy - when WCC drops, back in hospital, usually about 10 days 3 Maintenance therapy 4 Intensification therapy 5 CNS therapy Treatment of Acute Leukaemia
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diagnosis therapy received age treatment course Physiotherapy Interventiondepends on:-
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In hospital 4 - 6 weeks ill bored isolated They spend a lot of time in bed Hospitalisation
Slide 6-

Exercise programme to:- - prevent loss of strength and endurance - maintain mobility - maintain lung function Preventative
Slide 7-

Exercise regime designed to maintain and improve:- 1 Muscle strength 2 Respiratory and cardiac function 3 Joint ROM 4 Body’s protein reserve 5 To help with the long tern psychological considerations associated with long term hospitalisation Implement a plan of Physiotherapy treatment
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Muscle strength Need to include:- weight bearing exercises, including upper limbs trunk exercises ambulation muscle strengthening Considerations Myelosupression - anaemia - thrombocytopenia - leucopenia N & V - restricts activity Neurotoxicity Myopathies CNS involvement TBI - Somnolence syndrome
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Respiratory and cardiac function Chest Infections bacterial staphylococcus streptococcus fungal aspergillus candida Mucocitis ARDS Respiratory failure - no ICU Cardiac toxicity
Slide 10-

The Side-Effects Of Chemotherapy Bone marrow depression Gastro-intestinal symptoms Specific drug-related problems Psychological issues
Slide 11-

Bone Marrow Depression Anaemia Neutropenia Thrombocytopaenia
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Anaemia Occurs when the Haemoglobin is <11g/dl Normal for Males = 13.5 – 17.5g/dl Normal for Females = 11.5 – 15.5g/dl Symptoms:- Lethargy Dyspnoea Weakness Peripheral shutdown Hypotension
Slide 13-

Neutropaenia Occurs when the neutrophil count is <0.5 x 109/l Normal count is 2.5 – 7.5 x 109/l or 40-75% of WBC Patients are prone to infection Opportunistic/Atypical infection common Oncological Emergency = Septic Shock
Slide 14-

Thrombocytopaenia Occurs when the platelet count is <50 x 109/l, normal values are 150 – 400 x 109/l. Symptoms:- Bruising (peticheae) Nosebleeds (epistaxis) Blood in urine (haematuria) Vomiting blood (haematemesis) Blood in sputum (haemoptysis)
Slide 15-

Gastro-Intestinal Side Effects Nausea Vomiting Diarrhoea Oesophagitis Mucocitis
Slide 16-

Oncological Emergencies Tumour Lysis Syndrome Sepsis Acute Bleed Disseminated Intra-Vascular Coagulation (DIC)
Slide 17-

Sepsis At risk – neutropenic patients any patient on chemotherapy Occur at any stage during treatment phase Haemato-oncology patients experience profound neutropenia therefore more at risk Three phases
Slide 18-

Sepsis – Systemic InflammatoryResponse Syndrome Pyrexia   Cardiac Output Tachycardia  Vasoconstriction Low blood pressure Low urine pressure  Oliguria  metabolic demand  respiratory rate  Poor Perfusion
Slide 19-

Septic Shock Increasing metabolic and respiratory demand. No response of blood pressure.
Slide 20-

Severe Sepsis Multi-organ involvement. Global cellular damage. Global organ damage. Critical Care for respiratory, cardiac and renal support
Slide 21-

Sepsis Physiotherapy Management Most valuable tool = ASSESSMENT Often non-productive cough  positioning and relaxation Be aware that respiratory techniques place further demand on tiring patient Treat what find Critical Illness Myopathy
Slide 22-

Acute Bleed Lungs, Brain, Gastro-intestinal At risk Low platelets No increment on platelets Altered clotting DIC
Slide 23-

JOHN Diagnosed with ALL 06/08/01 12/08/01 Rt.arm is red and oedematous from fingers to the axilla. The lymphatic vessels tracking from hand to axilla are bright red Decreased ROM shoulder and elbow
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John 22/08/01 Arm less painful. ROM increased in shoulder and elbow but still has cording of vessels in the cubital fossa and axilla Arm normal colour now but vessels remain tight but improving slowly 01/10/01 platelets too low to do stretching –John not feeling well.
Slide 27-

John Blood counts increasing but John concerned about decreased strength Discharged home with community physiotherapy Saw as O.P. – pain ++both feet ?CT induced. Morphine, Amitryptiline & TNS
Slide 28-

John 26/01/02 allogeneic PSCT 26/01/02 reasonably well, asymptomatic from low Hb. Has developed acute GVHD skin of the hands, trunk & limbs – steroids Went on to develop chronic GVHD skin, mouth, eyes
Slide 29-

John 19/04/07 In complete remission. Generally well in himself Continues to be troubled with long term effects of his sclerodermatous chronic GVHD He developed contractures of both shoulders, elbows, wrists and hands. He underwent contractive release surgeries for Rt. Shoulder and elbow – for further surgery to Lt. elbow, both hands and Rt, foot.
Slide 30-

John Has developed pain and instability in both hips – MRI scan suggests avascular necrosis. Has been seen by an orthopaedic surgeon and has had some procedures performed on the left hip as a holding measure. He has been told that he will need bi-lateral hip replacements in the future
Slide 31-

John He also has early bi-lateral cataract formation which is progressive . He will need cataract surgery in the future. His most troubling symptom is persistent, widespread and frequently occurring cramps in his hands, arms and legs.
Slide 32-

N 05/92 18 year old student. Presented with flu-like symptoms, had had recurrent sore throats. Diagnosed Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). Supported with blood transfusion, ciproxin and ketoconazole over the next few months. 24/08/92 Transformed to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. 31/08/92 1st Clarkson’s. 17/09/92 21st birthday 30/09/92 2nd Clarkson’s. 25/12/92 Admitted prior to allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 30/12/92 BMT. 15/01/93 GVHD 02/04/93 E.A - ? GVHD or CMV Chest infection - sputum specimen required.
Slide 33-

19/04/93 Re - referred - anorexic - decreased strength - Grade 3-4 all muscle groups. 10/05/93 Developed a dry irritating cough Sputum specimen sent -Aspergillus. 15/06/93 Number of problems :- - febrile -aspergillus infection - extensive mucosal thickening of sinuses - becoming depressed 17/06/93 Increased activities 21/06/93 Continues to improve, days spent at home. 23/06/93 Discharged from ALU
Slide 34-

25/08/93 Admitted with - N & V - anorexia - still ? GVHD or CMV 10/09/93 Pharyngeal candidasis. 17/09/93 Another birthday 27/09/93 Transferred to Hope Hospital. 13/10/93 Re - admitted from Hope with chest infection and Lt. sided pleuritc pain 27/10/93 Developed pain in Lt, shoulder - line leakage. 14/11/93 Improving - home for WEL. 14/01/94 Emergency admission - rapid deterioration of liver function tests and increasing jaundice and somnolence. 17/01/94 Liver biopsy. 21/01/94 Sudden dramatic deterioration - bleed - probably from liver - transfused - stabilised - further bleed, BP and CVP both fell rapidly - more transfusions but unable to maintain BP or CVP - intinsive support carried out for further 5 hours but to no avail 22/01/94 N. died.