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Anemia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "ANEMIA”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about anemia, a medical condition in which the body does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the bodys tissues. As a result, people with anemia often feel tired, weak, and short of breath.

Anemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including Iron deficiency, Vitamin deficiency, and Inherited conditions.

The symptoms of anemia can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, pale skin, chest pain, and headache. Treatment for anemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include dietary changes, supplements, medication, and blood transfusions in severe cases.

Tags : anemia, red blood cells, hemoglobin, Iron deficiency, Vitamin deficiency, Hematology, Hematology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : May 29, 2023 | Views : 3606 | Downloads : 14

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Slide 1-

ANEMIA Dr. Mansour Aljabry Head of Flow cytometry unit Assistant professor & Consultant Hematologists
Slide 2-

Hemoglobin??
Slide 3-

α β β α Fe⁺⁺ Fe⁺⁺ Fe⁺⁺ Fe⁺⁺ Globin chain Haem Prophyrin ring Iron atom O2 O2 O2 O2 Hemoglobin structure Dr. Aljabry
Slide 4-

Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in RBC that carries O2 from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon CO2 from the tissues back to the lungs. Hemoglobin maintains the shape of RBC also.
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Hematopoietic stem cell: 1- Self renewal 2- Cell differentiation Hematopoiesis Myeloid SC Erythroid Precursors Transcriptional Factor Erythropoietin GATA1
Slide 6-

6 6 Late Normoblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte Basophilic Normoblast Erythroblast Intermediate Normoblast + ++ +++ ++ + - Synthesis of Hemoglobin Erythropoiesis The “Bone Marrow” is the major site with the need of: Folic acid – Iron “Ferrous” – Vit B12 – Erythropoietin -Amino acids minerals - other regulatory factors
Slide 7-

Hb Macrocytic Normocytic Microcytic MCV Normochromic Hypochromic MCH Normal Ranges HCT
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An (without) -aemia (blood) Reduction of Hb concentration below the normal range for the age and gender Leading to decreased O2 carrying capacity of blood and thus O2 availability to tissues (hypoxia) ANEMIA
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Clinical Features Presence or absence of clinical feature depends on: 1-Speed of onset : Rapidly progressive anemia causes more symptoms than slow onset anemia due to lack of compensatory mechanisms: (cardiovascular system, BM &O2 dissociation curve 2-Severity: Mild anemia :no symptoms usually Symptoms appear if Hb less than 9g/dL 3- Age: Elderly tolerate anemia less than young patients
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Weakness Headache Pallor Lethargy Dizziness Palpitation (tachycardia) Angina Cardiac failure Related to anemia Related to compensatory mechanism Clinical Features 1-General features of anemia Specific signs are associated with particular types of anemia : Spoon nail with iron deficiency, Leg ulcers with sickle cell anemia Jaundice with hemolytic anemia bone deformities in thalassemia major 2-Specific features
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Classification of Anemia
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Hypochromic microcytic anemia Hemoglobin Prophyrin Iron Globin chain Thalassemia Iron def. anemia Sidroblastic anemia DNA DNA synthesis Megaloblastic anemia: -B12 def. -Folate def. MDS Macrocytic anemia RBC count Hemolysis RBC production Acute bleeding Autoimmune Enzymopathy Membranopathy Mechanical Sickle cell anemia BM failure: -Chemotherapy -Aplastic anemia -Malignancy Anemia of chronic disease Blood loss Normocytic normochromic anemia
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Iron is among the abundant minerals on earth (6%). Iron deficiency is the most common disorder( 24%). Limited absorption ability : 1-Only 5-10% of taken iron will be absorbed 2- Inorganic iron can not be absorbed easily. Excess loss due to hemorrhage Iron Deficiency Anemia !
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11/11/1444 14 Daily absorption ≈1 mg Circulating hemoglobin (2.5g) Bone marrow erythroblast (150mg) Daily loss ≈1 mg Liver and muscle myoglobin (650mg) Urine faeces Skin nail hair Transferrin (4mg) menstrual loss (hemorrhage) Macrophage (1g) Storage forms: Ferritin Haemosiderin
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Hepcidin BM macrophage - ve IL6 Tfr2 +ve Hypoxia Iron for erythropoeisis
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Iron Absorption
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1-Body Iron status: Increased demands (iron def.,pregnancy..) Low iron stores high absorption Iron overload Full iron stores Low absorption 2- Content and form of dietary iron More Iron Heam Iron More absorption 3- Balance between dietary enhancers&Inhibitory factors: Meat (haem iron) Fruit (Vitamin C) Sugar (Solubilizing agent ) Acids Dairy foods (calcium) High fiber foods (phytate) Coffee &tea (polyphenoles) Anti -Acids Enhancers Inhibitors Iron Absorption Ferrous Iron
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1-Chronic blood loss: GIT Bleeding: peptic ulcer, esophageal varices , hookworm cancer Uterine bleeding Hematuria 2- Increased demands: Immaturity Growth Pregnancy EPO therapy 3-Malabsorption: Enteropathy Gastrectomy 4-Poor diet: Rare as the only cause (rule out other causes) Causes of IDA
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Development of IDA Signs of anemia
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20 Beside symptoms and signs of anaemia +/- bleeding patients present with: (a): Koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails) (b): Angular stomatitis and/or glossitis (c): Dysphagia due to pharyngeal web (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) Signs and symptoms of IDA a c b
Slide 21-

Investigation Microcytic hypochromic anemia with: Anisocytosis( variation in size) Pokiliocytosis (variation in shape) normal
Slide 22-

Iron Studies TIBC* Serum Iron Serum ferritin Transferrin saturation Low serum iron Low serum ferritin Low transferrin saturation high TIBC Normal IDA TIBC : total iron binding capacity of transferrin
Slide 23-

Iron Studies Low TIBC* High Serum Iron High Serum ferritin High Transferrin saturation Low serum iron Low serum ferritin Low transferrin saturation high TIBC Thalassemia IDA Normal
Slide 24-

BM Iron stain (Perl’s stain): The gold standard but invasive procedure Normal IDA: reduced or absent iron stores (hemosiderin) Investigation
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Treatment of IDA Treat the underlying cause Iron replacement therapy: Oral :( Ferrous Sulphate OD for 6 months) Intravenous:( Ferric sucrose OD for 6 months) Hb should rise 2g/dL every 3 weeks
Slide 26-

PREVENTION OF IDA Dietary modification Meat is better source than vegetables. Food fortification (with ferrous sulphate) GIT disturbances ,staining of teeth & metallic taste. Iron supplementation: For high risk groups.
Slide 27-

Anemia of chronic disease Normochromic normocytic (usually) anemia caused by decreased release of iron from iron stores due to raised serum Hepcidin . Associated with - Chronic infection including HIV, malaria - Chronic inflammations -Tissue necrosis -Malignancy
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Hepcidin BM macrophage IL-6 IL-1 TNF no Iron for erythropoeisis +ve Tuberculosis SLE Carcinoma Lymphoma - ve
Slide 29-

29 Management: Treat the underlying cause Iron replacement +/- EPO Normocytic normochromic or mildly microcytic anaemia Low serum iron and TIBC Normal or high serum ferritin ( acute phase reactant) High haemosiderin in macrophages but low in normoblasts Work-up and treatment