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Eye Infections PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Eye infections” by Ndonga T.A.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about eye infections which can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Some common types of eye infections include:

Conjunctivitis (pink eye): This is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergies.

Keratitis: This is an inflammation of the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
Blepharitis: This is an inflammation of the eyelids that can cause redness, itching, and irritation. It is often caused by bacteria.
Sty: This is a small, painful lump that forms on the eyelid. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection.
Endophthalmitis: This is a rare but serious infection of the inside of the eye. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Symptoms of an eye infection can include redness, itching, pain, discharge, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light. If you suspect that you have an eye infection, it is important to see an eye doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment. Treatment may include antibiotics, antiviral medication, or antifungal medication, depending on the cause of the infection.

Tags : eye infections, Conjunctivitis, pink eye, Keratitis, Blepharitis, Sty, Endophthalmitis, Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2387 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Eye infections Ndonga T.A Msc TID I
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Anatomy
Slide 3-

Anatomy
Slide 4-

Anatomy The anterior chamber is the area bounded in front by the cornea and in back by the lens, and filled with aqueous. The aqueous is a clear, watery solution in the anterior and posterior chambers. The artery is the vessel supplying blood to the eye. The canal of Schlemm is the passageway for the aqueous fluid to leave the eye.
Slide 5-

Anatomy The choroid , which carries blood vessels, is the inner coat between the sclera and the retina . The ciliary body is an unseen part of the iris , and these together with the ora serrata form the uveal tract. The conjunctiva is a clear membrane covering the white of the eye (sclera). The cornea is a clear, transparent portion of the outer coat of the eyeball through which light passes to the lens.
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Anatomy The iris gives our eyes color and it functions like the aperture on a camera, enlarging in dim light and contracting in bright light. The aperture itself is known as the pupil The lens helps to focus light on the retina. The macula is a small area in the retina that provides our most central, acute vision. The optic nerve conducts visual impulses to the brain from the retina. The ora serrata and the ciliary body form the uveal tract, an unseen part of the iris.
Slide 7-

Anatomy The posterior chamber is the area behind the iris, but in front of the lens, that is filled with aqueous. The pupil is the opening, or aperture, of the iris. The rectus medialis is one of the six muscles of the eye. The retina is the innermost coat of the back of the eye, formed of light-sensitive nerve endings that carry the visual impulse to the optic nerve. The retina may be compared to the film of a camera. The sclera is the white of the eye. The vein is the vessel that carries blood away from the eye. The vitreous is a transparent, colorless mass of soft, gelatinous material filling the eyeball behind the lens.
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anatomy The eyeball is protected anteriorly by the eyelids And contained in the orbit
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Normal flora of the eye Predorminant organisms Diphtheroids S.epidermidis Non hemolytic strep
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Eye infections The infections could be:- Acute Chronic Primary secondary
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conjunctiva Conjunctivitis is the most common ocular inflammation Clinical manifestations-hyperemia,secretion –due to exudates of inflammatory cells and fibrin rich edematous fluid-which may be purulent,mucopurulent,fibrinous or serosanguinous depending on the cause. When the exudate dries ,the eyelids stick together
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conjunctiva The normal transparency may be lost Papillae may form especially in tarsal conjunctiva Symptoms include gritty eyes,photophobia,diminished vision and pain
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Organisms implicated *Strep pneumo . C.diphtheria Strep pyogenes .M.tuberculosis strep viridians .francisela *Staph aureus . T.pallidum *H .influenza .moraxella *N.gonorrhoea/meningitidis H.ducreyi . shigella flexeneri Proteus vulgaris .Y.enterocolitica
Slide 14-

organisms Staph epidermidis Acinetobacter Aeromonas hydrophila Peptostreptococcus Bartonella * most common
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conjunctivitis
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Routes of entry Routes of entry-hand to eye -airborne formites -contact with URTIs -contact with genital tract infections -spread from adjacent structures-face and eyelids,sinuses -Hematogenous spread -rare
Slide 17-

Determinants of infective agents Age-neisseriae /chlamydia-newborns Children-influenza,strep pneumo,staph aureus Young adults-strep pneumo,staph aureus/epidermidis
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Management/control Mostly self limiting Px education-hand washing! Rx-topical gentamicin/tobramycin-gram neg Neomycin/polymixin-gram pos Topical quinolones-severe infections Parenteral ceftriaxone for gonococcal Erythromycin syrup for chlamydia in neonates/erythromycin ointment.
Slide 19-

Cornea Inflammation of the cornea Clinically presents as loss of vision,,tearing,photophobia and blepharospasm,ulceration Symptoms-foreign body sensation,pain
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Organisms implicated Gram pos cocci- gram neg bacilli *Staph aureus .*pseudomonas Staph epidermidis . proteus Strep viridans .klebsiella Strep pyogenes .serratia Strep fecalis .E.coli Peptostreptococcus * most common *Strep pneumo
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organisms Gram neg coccobacilli gram-positive bacil Moraxella corynebacterium Pasturella c.tetani/c.perfringen Morganella bacillus cereus Serratia spirochetes E.coli treponema Aeromonas borrelia burgdoferi mycobateria-tb,mac
Slide 22-

Routes of entry/predisposing factors Direct penetration-organisms producing toxins/enzymes/virulent factors-neisseria Following injury,eyelid abnormalities,tear dysfuntional states,corneal anesthesia Immunocompromised states Use of contact lenses
Slide 23-

Treatment Broad spectrum antibiotics used pending lab results-cephalosporins +aminoglycosides Aminoglycosides can be used synergistically with ticarcillin. Quinolones-pseudomonas and gram negatives Use topical antibiotics Parenteral-severe cases Steroids??
Slide 24-

Endophthalmitis Most cases develop after intraocular surgery-cataract surgery. Organisms involved-microflora Clinically-decreased visual acuity,pain,hypopion,hyperemia
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organisms Staph aureus .E.coli Staph epidermidis .H.influenza Strep pneumo .klebsiella Bacillus cereus .moraxella Corynebacteria spp .proteus Listeria .pseudomonas N.meningitidis .s.typhimurium Acinetobacter .serratia Enterobacter .clostridium Propiono bacterium acnes treponema pallidum Actinomyctes israeli .m.tuberculosis/leprae
Slide 26-

Treatment Is according to culture and sensitivity Iv antibiotics-3G cephalosporins Intravitreal vancomycin-s.aureus Sx-vitrectomy Steroids??
Slide 27-

Periocular infections These involve orbit and cellular adnexa Principal periocular structure susceptible to infections are eyelids ,the components of lacrimal apparatus and the orbit.
Slide 28-

Eyelids Inflammation of the lid margins-blepharitis Often chronic and bilateral Two types-anterior-staphylococcal -posterior-meibominitis Organisms Staphaureus,epidermidis,pseudomonas,proteus,moraxella .Mascara used has been implicated
Slide 29-

Eyelids Erysipelas-acute cellulitis –strep pyogenes,staph aureus-invasion of subcutaneous after trauma Hordeolum-internal/external depending on glands involved-staph implicated Internal-meibomian gland infection External-stye infection of glands of zeis sebaceous gland of eye lids
Slide 30-

Lacrimal apparatus Produce the aqueous component of tear film Canaliculitis-chronic inflammation of canaliculi-by propionibacterium,actinomyces Dacrocystitis-inflammation of lacrimal sac-streppneumo,staphaureus,pseudomonas,chlamydia,h.influenza in children Clinically-epiphora
Slide 31-

Lacrimal app Dacroadenitis-inflammation of main lacrimal gland-staph,strep,tuberculosis-chronic
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Orbit and carvenous sinus Cellulitis-pre septal anterior orbit septum and post septal-orbital contents Serious-loss of sight and spread to carvenous sinus leading to thrombosis and death,
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causes Spread from contiguous structures like sinuses,dental,intracranial infections Direct innoculation after puncture wounds Retained foreign bodies-sutures After surgery After fractures Sequelae of dacrocystitis Bacteremia in kids H.influenza,E.fecalis
Slide 34-

organisms Staph aureus Strep pyogenes Strep pneumo Clostridia H.influenza-<5s Tb-hematogenous spread
Slide 35-

Clinical Evidence of trauma-bleedng,fever,lid edema and rhinorrhoea. Pain,headache,loss of vision Tenderness,black eye,proptosis
Slide 36-

Treatment Blepharitis-Topical –bacitracin,erthromycin Steroids-reduce inflammation Hordeolum-warm compresses and sytsemic antibiotics if multiple or no response I&D if not responding to rx Canalliculitis-antibiotic irrigation with penicillin G Dacrocystitis-oral penicillin+warm compresses
Slide 37-

treatment Dacroadenitis-systemic antibiotics Cellulitis-cloxacillin,oxacillin,cephalexin Clindamycin for gram neg Iv antibiotics orbital cellulitis
Slide 38-

Approach to diagnosis of eye infections Mostly clinical diagnosis Slit lamp examination Swabs –conjunctiva, abscesses etc Cultured on BA Swab each anaesthetized eye separately Can also do scrapings-cornea Vitreous/aqueous humour aspiration- endophthalmitis
Slide 39-

diagnosis Gram stain ELISA Dna/pcr-chlamydia Fluorescent microscopy u/s,ct,MRI for cellulitis
Slide 40-

JE UME CHUKUA KURA?