Download Free Medical Cognition In Old Age-The Good Not So Good And Potential Plasticity PowerPoint Presentation

Cognition In Old Age-The Good Not So Good And Potential Plasticity PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Cognition in Old Age: The Good, Not so good and Potential plasticity” by Sherry L. Willis, PhD and K. Warner Schaie, PhD.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about cognition in old age, the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, and using information that become less efficient as people age. Some of the cognitive abilities that typically decline with age include working memory, processing speed, and attentional control. However, research has shown that cognitive decline is not inevitable and that there is potential for cognitive plasticity in old age.

Cognitive plasticity refers to the brains ability to change and adapt in response to new experiences and challenges. Studies have demonstrated that older adults can improve their cognitive abilities through various interventions, such as cognitive training, physical exercise, and social engagement. For example, cognitive training programs that focus on memory, attention, and problem-solving have been shown to improve cognitive function in older adults, and the effects can last for several years.

Additionally, physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function in older adults by promoting the growth of new neurons and synapses in the brain. Social engagement, such as participating in community activities or volunteering, can also help maintain cognitive function in old age by providing intellectual stimulation and social support.

Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep, and stress management can also influence cognitive function in old age. Eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can help promote brain health and cognitive function.

Overall, while cognitive decline is a common part of aging, there is potential for cognitive plasticity in old age. Engaging in activities that promote cognitive, physical, and social well-being can help maintain and even improve cognitive function in old age.

Tags : Cognition in Old Age, Cognitive plasticity, cognitive function, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1316 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

1 Cognition in Old Age: The Good, Not so good and Potential plasticity Sherry L. Willis, Ph.D. K. Warner Schaie, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences University of Washington
Slide 2-

2 Work on the Seattle Longitudinal Study, data from which are reported here, has been supported by grants from: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD00367, 1963-1965; HD04476, 1970-1973) National Institute of Aging (AG00480, 1973-1979; AG03544, 1982-1986; (AG04470, 1984-1989; AG08055, 1989-2006; currently AG024102, 2005-2015 and AG027759,2006-2009).
Slide 3-

3 Outline for Presentation: Studying Cognition in Non-demented Adults Cognition: Age Differences vs Age Differences Factors related to Individual Differences Cohort/Generational Differences Plasticity in Cognitive Aging
Slide 4-

4 Studying Cognition in Adulthood
Slide 5-

5 Abilities Studied in Aging: Verbal Ability Numeric Ability Cultural Knowledge Memory (Verbal) Inductive Reasoning (Working memory) Spatial Orientation Perceptual Speed
Slide 6-

6 Two Methods for Studying Cognition in Adulthood:Cross-sectional Method:Studying adults of different ages at one point in time - Age DifferencesLongitudinal Method:Studying the same adults over time as they age - Age Changes
Slide 7-

7 Cross-Sectional Age Differences
Slide 8-

8 Longitudinal Age Changes
Slide 9-

9 Individual Differences inCognitive Aging Historical - Cohort & Generational Differences in Cognitive Aging Education Occupation Life expectancy Chronic disease Obesity Sleep Lifestyle (e.g., exercise, cognitive engagement)
Slide 10-

10 Cohort Differences
Slide 11-

11 Educational Attainment(Birth Cohorts 1889 - 1973)
Slide 12-

12 Change in Verbal Ability from age 25 - 81(Grade school, HS,College, Graduate)
Slide 13-

13 Change in Verbal Ability (Age 25 - 81)(Unskilled, Skilled, Professional)
Slide 14-

14 SLS Cohort Differences (1889 - 1973)Bars Indicating the Cohorts in Flynn’s Analyses (original PMAs)
Slide 15-

15 Rate of Cognitive Change in Biologically Related Individuals
Slide 16-

16 Cognitive PlasticityWith aging, continued ability to develop cognitive skills and/or to compensate for cognitive deficits
Slide 17-

17 Cognitive ReserveEarlier in life building cognitive resources that serve as “reserve” in face of neural atrophy or loss
Slide 18-

18 Cognitive Reserve Exemplar types of reserve: Educational level Occupational skills Leisure or cultural activities Later onset of dementia or lower incidence: Higher educational level Second language facility Cognitive engagement
Slide 19-

19 Cognitive Engagement Engagement in work and leisure activities that are cognitively demanding Higher levels of cognitive engagement associated with: Higher level of cognitive performance Slower rate of cognitive decline
Slide 20-

20 3 Generations of Cognitive Intervention Research Gen 1 - Training programs focusing skills and strategies related to basic cognitive abilities Classroom setting. Small group or individual Trainer directed Feedback on performance, complexity of problems increased across sessions Limited number of sessions (5 - 10 one-hr classes) Booster sessions
Slide 21-

21 Cognitive Interventions:3 Generations Gen 2: Training in “real world” context focusing on leisure activities or games Leisure activities: photography, quilting, etc Limited classroom environment and trainer direction - more participant direction Lengthier training period
Slide 22-

22 Cognitive Interventions:3 Generations Gen 3: Focus on understanding brain mechanisms related to training and transfer of training Neuroimaging sessions before and/or after intervention Association of cognitive behavior and brain structure and function
Slide 23-

23 Findings from Generation 1 InterventionsSeattle Longitudinal StudyACTIVE Randomized Clinical Trial
Slide 24-

24 Finding: Training resulted in significant improvement on ability trained.Training effects were maintained
Slide 25-

25 Finding: Majority of Older adults showed reliable training gain for Speed and Reasoning Training (ACTIVE trial) Speed Training 86% vs 31 % Controls Reasoning Training 74% vs 39% Controls Memory Training 26% vs 15 % Controls
Slide 26-

26 Finding: Both older adults who had declined and those who were stable showed training gain.
Slide 27-

27 Finding: Both Young Old and Old-Old show training gain, BUTcohort differences remain (1903,1910,1917)
Slide 28-

28 Finding: Training gain related to subsequent dementia status
Slide 29-

Finding: Training Effects Maintained for 10 years! “Training to improve cognitive abilities in older people lasted to some degree 10 years after the training program was completed, according to results of a randomized clinical trial supported by the National Institutes of Health. The report, from the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) study, appears in the January 2014 issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. “
Slide 30-

30 Finding: Participants in Speed or Reasoning Programs had fewer accidents and more likely to continue to drive.
Slide 31-

31 Preliminary Findings fromGen 2 Interventions Internet-based training is as effective as classroom-based training. Expands context of training. Student-directed training How effective are commercial games ? Jury is still out. Less research, no study of maintenance effects. Effects appear more global How effective is training on leisure activities (eg photography) Some global effects. More difficult to link activity to specific abilities trained Very lengthy intervention period (e.g. 1 yr)
Slide 32-

32 Gen 3 Interventions: Neuroimaging Research in early phases Potential contributions: Identify neural regions & functions that predict training effects Association of cognitive behavior and neural structure/function Examine whether training modifies neural structure and function (brain plasticity)
Slide 33-

33 Staying Mentally Fit: Good News: Staying mentally “fit” is possible for healthy, nondemented elderly Elders can remediated decline due to disuse and/or enhance functioning past prior levels
Slide 34-

34 Summary: Training Basic Abilities Significant training improvement can be shown with 10 training sessions Training can be delivered in many contexts - including web, internet based Training effects can be maintained for several years - up to 10 years!
Slide 35-

35 Limitations & Constraints: Chronic health conditions may impact ability to keep mentally fit Pathologies such as dementia impose severe limits on behavioral interventions There are individual differences in response to training
Slide 36-

36 The Challenge: Cognitively demanding everyday activities involve multiple abilities May need to “cross train” across a number of abilities The need to set priorities on the abilities and activities of most importance to the individual Choose challenging activities that one enjoys and will persist in doing
Slide 37-

37 Thank you!
Slide 38-

38 Everyday Task: Percent of variance Explained by Basic Abilities
Slide 39-

39 Everyday Task Domains(IADLs): Managing Health & Medications Managing Finances Managing Household Use Telephone & Communications Managing Transportation Shopping Food Preparation
Slide 40-

40
Slide 41-

41 Age-related Change in Everyday Tasks: 31 to 82 Years
Slide 42-

42 Summary: Everyday Tasks Everyday tasks are multidimensional & cognitively complex. Age-related decline occurs somewhat later for some everyday tasks. There appears to be steep decline in very old age Reliable training gain on basic abilities is associated with enhancement of everyday task performance
Slide 43-

43 Leisure Activities & Abilities: Accuracy in Crossword Puzzles related to: Fluid ability: r = .43 Crystallized ability: r = .63 Memory: r = .29 Speed: r = .47
Slide 44-

44 Increasing Number of Generations in Families