Emergency Contraception: Types, Efficacy, and Safety

Emergency Contraception: Types, Efficacy, and Safety PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Emergency Contraception: An Overview of Types, Efficacy, and Safety
Emergency contraception (EC) offers a last line of defense to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. This presentation provides a comprehensive look into the different types of EC, including Levonorgestrel (LNG) pills, Ulipristal Acetate (UPA), and the Copper IUD. Each method has unique timeframes, effectiveness, and mechanisms, and we will explore these factors in detail.
The presentation also covers the mechanism of action for each type, explaining how they work to prevent pregnancy by delaying ovulation or creating an inhospitable environment for fertilization. We'll review the efficacy rates of each method, with Copper IUDs offering the highest effectiveness, followed by UPA and LNG. Additionally, we address common side effects, safety considerations, and myths surrounding EC, debunking misconceptions about its impact on fertility and its differences from abortion.
Learn about access and availability globally, as well as the pros and cons of each method, to empower informed choices about reproductive health. This educational resource is ideal for anyone seeking reliable, factual information on emergency contraception and its role in family planning.

Tags : Emergency Contraception, EC Methods, Levonorgestrel, Ulipristal Acetate, Copper IUD, Pregnancy Prevention, Contraception

Published on : Nov 26, 2024 | Views : 446 | Downloads : 0

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Contraception & Family Planning: Emergency Contraception An Overview of Types, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety Dr. Priya Kapoor Gynaecologist and Obstetrician
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Introduction to Emergency Contraception Emergency contraception (EC) is a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. It is intended for occasional use and not as a primary contraceptive method. Can be used up to 3-5 days post-intercourse, depending on the type. Reference: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2019). Emergency Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.acog.org/
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Types of Emergency Contraception Oral Pills: Levonorgestrel (LNG): e.g., Plan B One-Step, effective within 72 hours. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA): e.g., Ella, effective within 120 hours (5 days). Copper IUD: Can be inserted within 5 days after unprotected intercourse and is the most effective form of EC. Reference: World Health Organization. (2018). Emergency Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/
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How Does Emergency Contraception Work? Levonorgestrel (LNG): Delays ovulation, preventing the release of an egg. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA): Selective progesterone receptor modulator that delays ovulation even after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Copper IUD: Creates a hostile environment in the uterus, preventing fertilization and implantation. Reference: Glasier, A., Cameron, S. T., Fine, P. M., et al. (2010). Ulipristal acetate versus levonorgestrel for emergency contraception: A randomized non-inferiority trial and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 375(9714), 555-562.
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Efficacy of Emergency Contraception Levonorgestrel (LNG): Reduces risk of pregnancy by approximately 85% if taken within 72 hours. Ulipristal Acetate (UPA): More effective than LNG, especially after 72 hours, with about a 98% effectiveness rate within 5 days. Copper IUD: Over 99% effective when inserted within 5 days of intercourse. Reference: Cleland, K., Zhu, H., Goldstruck, N., Cheng, L., & Trussell, J. (2012). The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: A systematic review of 35 years of experience. Human Reproduction, 27(7), 1994-2000.
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Situations for Emergency Contraception Use Unprotected Intercourse: No contraceptive used. Contraceptive Failure: Condom breakage, missed birth control pills, or dislodged IUD. Sexual Assault: When contraception was not used. Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Contraception: Emergency Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/
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Side Effects and Safety of Emergency Contraception Common Side Effects: Nausea, fatigue, headache, irregular bleeding. Safety: EC is safe for most women and can be used without a prescription in many places. Myths: EC is not an abortifacient and will not harm an existing pregnancy. Reference: Trussell, J., & Raymond, E. G. (2019). Emergency Contraception: A Last Chance to Prevent Unintended Pregnancy. Contraception, 99(6), 371-377.
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Debunking Myths About Emergency Contraception Myth 1: EC is equivalent to abortion (Fact: EC prevents pregnancy but does not terminate it). Myth 2: EC affects future fertility (Fact: EC has no impact on fertility). Myth 3: EC is harmful if used multiple times (Fact: EC is safe, but not recommended as a primary method). Reference: Planned Parenthood. (2021). Emergency Contraception Myths & Facts. Retrieved from https://www.plannedparenthood.org/
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Access to Emergency Contraception Availability: Over-the-counter for LNG in many countries; UPA often requires a prescription. Cost Considerations: Varies depending on location and method. Importance of Timely Access: Earlier use increases efficacy. Reference: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). (2020). Global Access to Emergency Contraception. Retrieved from https://www.figo.org/
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Pros and Cons of Emergency Contraception Pros: Highly effective at preventing pregnancy if taken within the recommended timeframe; widely accessible; does not require ongoing use. Cons: Less effective than regular contraception; side effects may occur; does not protect against STIs. Reference: Glasier, A., & Baird, D. (1998). The effects of self-administering emergency contraception. British Medical Journal, 317(7161), 1401-1402.
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Key Takeaways
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EC is safe, effective, and widely accessible for preventing pregnancy after unprotected sex. Different options are available based on the timeframe and individual needs. EC is not a replacement for regular contraception and does not protect against STIs.
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Thank You

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