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Menstrual Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Menstrual Disorders” by MELY K.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about menstrual disorders, any problems or irregularities that occur during a womans menstrual cycle. Some common menstrual disorders include:

Amenorrhea: This is a condition in which a woman doesnt have a menstrual period for three or more months. It can be caused by factors such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, menopause, or certain medical conditions.
Dysmenorrhea: This is a condition in which a woman experiences painful periods. The pain can range from mild to severe and can be caused by factors such as hormonal imbalances, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids.
Menorrhagia: This is a condition in which a woman experiences heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It can be caused by factors such as hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS): This is a condition in which a woman experiences physical and emotional symptoms before her menstrual period. Symptoms can include bloating, cramps, mood swings, and fatigue.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This is a condition in which a womans ovaries produce too much androgen, which can cause irregular menstrual periods, acne, and weight gain.

There are many other menstrual disorders that can affect women, and its important to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience any unusual symptoms or changes in your menstrual cycle. Treatment options may include hormonal therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.

Tags : Menstrual Disorders, menstrual cycle, irregular periods, heavy bleeding, painful periods, absence of menstruation, Dysmenorrhea, Amenorrhea, Menorrhagia, Premenstrual syndrome, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Endometriosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 3441 | Downloads : 7

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Slide 1-

MENSTRUAL DISORDERS MELY K.
Slide 2-

Specific Objectives By the end of this session the Learner will be able to: Define Normal menstruation Classify Menstrual Disorders Explain characteristics of the different menstrual disorders Demonstrate ability to diagnose menstrual disorders Apply Knowledge and skills acquired to manage menstrual disorders.
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Definition of normal menstruation It is the cyclical shading of a functional endometrium; and has the following characteristics: Amount of flow: 25-80 ml average 30 mls Cycle length: 21-35 days Duration of flow: 2-7 days Healthy menstrual blood does NOT coagulate It occurs in a cyclic manner and regularly
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Classification of menstrual disorders Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Mastodynia Abnormal bleeding due to gynecologic and non gynecologic disorders: Amenorrhea, oligomenorhea, hypomenorrhea, menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, metrorrhagia, etc Dysmenorrhoea Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) Post menopausal bleeding
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Characteristics of Menstrual disorders
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Premenstrual syndrome: occurs in at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles Symptoms must occur in the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle (luteal phase) There must be a symptom free period of at least 7 days in the 1st half of the cycle Symptoms must be severe enough to require medical advise or treatment e.g. oedema, weight gain, restlessness, irritability and increased tension.
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Premenstrual syndrome cont’d: Symptoms include: Mood symptoms ( irritability, mood swings, depression, anxiety) Physical symptoms ( bloating, breast tenderness, insomnia, fatigue, hot flushes, appetite change, e.t.c) Cognitive changes (confusion and poor concentration)
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PMS -Diagnosis Mainly based on patient’s history Patient charts symptoms for at least 3 symptomatic cycles Rule out medical conditions that mimic PMS e.g. thyroid disease and anemia.
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PMS- Management( Conservative) Diet: (limit caffeine, alcohol, tobacco and chocolate intake; eat small frequent meals Decrease sodium intake Stress management; Aerobic exercises Cognitive behavioral therapy
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PMS management(Drug therapy) Calcium carbonate (for bloating, pain and food cravings) Magnesium ( for water retention) Vitamin B6 and vitamin E NSAIDs Bromocryptine for mastalgia
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Mastodynia Also termed mastalgia Defined as: intolerable breast pain during the second half of the menstrual cycle. caused by edema and engorgement of the vascular and ductal systems Occurs cyclically in the luteal phase
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Mastodynia -diagnosis History and examination Can be confirmed by aspiration Ultrasound Serial mammography Excisional biopsy sometimes is necessary Rule out: Mastitis, neoplasm
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Mastodynia- treatment Breast support Avoid- coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks Avoid nicotine May occasionally use a mild diuretic Drug therapy: topical NSAIDS, Gosarelin (Zoladex), Limited success with: tamoxifen, danazol, bromocryptine, oral contraceptives, vitamins
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Menorrhagia (Hypermenorrhea) Defined as excessive, heavy or prolonged menstrual flow Possible causes include: submucous myomas, adenomyosis, IUDs, endometrial hyperplasia, malignant tumors e.t.c
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Hypomenorrhea (cryptomenorrhea) Defined as unusually light menstrual flow sometimes only spotting Possible causes include: hymenal or cervical stenosis, uterine synechiae (Asherman’s syndrome), occasionally oral contraceptives
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Metrorrhagia (intermenstrual bleeding) Defined as bleeding occurring any time between the menstrual periods Possible causes include: endometrial polyps, CA cervix, CA endometrium, exogenous estrogen administration
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Polymenorrhea Describes periods that occur too frequently Usually associated with anovulation and rarely with a shortened luteal phase in the menstrual cycle
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Menometrorhagia This is bleeding that occurs at irregular intervals and varies in amount and duration of bleeding Caused by any condition that can lead to intermenstrual bleeding
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Oligomenorrhea Describes menstrual periods that occur more than 35 days apart Possible causes: anovulation which may be from endocrine causes (pregnancy, menopause, pituitary and hypothalamic disorders); or systemic causes (excessive weight loss); estrogen secreting tumors etc
Slide 20-

AMENORRHEA No menstrual period for more than 6 months Possible causes: Congenital uterine absence Hormonal disturbances from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland Failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells Genetic diseases e.g. causes of intersex i.e. 5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Slide 21-

Diagnosis in abnormal uterine bleeding History and physical examination Cytological examination –include biopsy and histology Pelvic ultrasound scan Endometrial biopsy Hysteroscopy Dilatation and curettage Hormonal profile Blood tests- Haemogram, thyroid function tests e.t.c.
Slide 22-

Management of abnormal uterine bleeding- principles Treat cause appropriately May include Hormonal preparations Surgery Endometrial ablation and endometrial resection, Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, Levonogestrel releasing IUDs
Slide 23-

Dysmenorrhea Definition: Pain associated with menstruation Risk factors: Menstrual factors (early menarche, menorrhagia) Parity (lower in multipara) Diet (reduced intake of fish, eggs and fruits) Exercise (reduces dysmenorrhoea) Cigarette smoking (increases) Psychological (emotionally dependent and overprotected girls, family history,)
Slide 24-

Dysmenorrhea- classification Primary or spasmodic dysmenorrhea: Essential/ intrinsic / functional. Defined as painful menstruation in absence of pelvic pathology Usually starts at puberty Follows onset of ovulation and presents throughout period of bleeding. Congestive or secondary dysmenorrhea: Underlying pelvic disease e.g. uterine abnormalities, infections, endometriosis, foreign bodies, iatrogenic Membranous dysmenorrhea: associated with passage of endometrial cast through an undilated cervix.
Slide 25-

Dysmenorhea- clinical features Primary Dysmenorhea: Age: Usually seen among younger women Time of onset: 2-3 yrs after menarche Duration of pain: starts just prior to menses, lasts about 2 days Type of pain: cramping pain Membranous Dysmenorhea: Intense cramping pain associated with passage of an endometrial cast through an undilated cervix.
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Dysmenorhea- clinical features (ctd) Secondary Dysmenorhea: - Associated with specific diseases and disorders e.g. PID, Uterine fibroids, endometriosis etc Usually among older women (3rd to 4th decade) Time of onset: follows initial years of normal painless cycles Duration of pain: Onset is few days prior to menses and continues throughout cycle even after cessation of menses Type of pain: continuous dull aching or dragging pain
Slide 27-

Dysmenorhea -management Dysmenorhea Assurance Laxatives Analgesics and Antispasmodics Fails Contraception not required or OC pills contraindicated Contraception required or NSAIDS contra indicated Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors OC pills Fails Laparoscopy to look for causes of secondary Dysmenorhea No cause found but persistent and severe pain Cause found Surgery Treat as appropriate
Slide 28-

Dysfunctional Uterine bleeding (DUB) Defined as a symptom complex that includes any condition of abnormal uterine bleeding in the absence of pathologic cause Commonly caused by anovulation as seen in polycystic ovarian disease and obesity May occur in all age groups from prepubertal girls to menopausal women
Slide 29-

DUB management Medical management: NSAIDS Antifibrinolytic agents Hormones Surgical Endometrial resection Endometrial ablation hysterectomy
Slide 30-

Postmenopausal bleeding Any vaginal bleeding in a postmenopausal women should be considered abnormal Frequently associated with malignancies of the reproductive tract Benign causes include: endometrial /cervical polyps, trauma, senile vaginitis, vulval dystrophies Management depends on the cause.
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Thank You