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EKG Dysrythmia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a representation of the electrical events of the cardiac cycle. Each event has a distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to greater insight into a patient’s cardiac pathophysiology

Tags : Cardiac Disrrhythmias,Normal Conduction System, EKG , electrocardiogram , Arrhythmias , ischemia , infarction , Drug toxicity

Published on : Aug 14, 2025 | Views : 5 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Cardiac Disrrhythmias
Slide 2-

Outline Review of the conduction system EKG waveforms and intervals EKG leads Determining heart rate Examples of EKGs
Slide 3-

The Normal Conduction System
Slide 4-

What is an EKG? The electrocardiogram (EKG) is a representation of the electrical events of the cardiac cycle. Each event has a distinctive waveform, the study of which can lead to greater insight into a patient’s cardiac pathophysiology.
Slide 5-

What types of pathology can we identify and study from EKGs? Arrhythmias Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pericarditis Chamber hypertrophy Electrolyte disturbances (i.e. hyperkalemia, hypokalemia) Drug toxicity (i.e. digoxin and drugs which prolong the QT interval)
Slide 6-

Waveforms and Intervals
Slide 7-

EKG Leads Leads are electrodes which measure the difference in electrical potential between either: 1. Two different points on the body (bipolar leads) 2. One point on the body and a virtual reference point with zero electrical potential, located in the center of the heart (unipolar leads)
Slide 8-

EKG Leads The standard EKG has 12 leads: 3 Standard Limb Leads 3 Augmented Limb Leads 6 Precordial Leads The axis of a particular lead represents the viewpoint from which it looks at the heart.
Slide 9-

Standard Limb Leads
Slide 10-

Standard Limb Leads
Slide 11-

Augmented Limb Leads
Slide 12-

All Limb Leads
Slide 13-

Precordial Leads Adapted from: www.numed.co.uk/electrodepl.html
Slide 14-

Precordial Leads
Slide 15-

Summary of Leads
Slide 16-

Arrangement of Leads on the EKG
Slide 17-

Anatomic Groups(Septum)
Slide 18-

Anatomic Groups(Anterior Wall)
Slide 19-

Anatomic Groups(Lateral Wall)
Slide 20-

Anatomic Groups(Inferior Wall)
Slide 21-

Anatomic Groups(Summary)
Slide 22-

Determining the Heart Rate Rule of 300 10 Second Rule
Slide 23-

Rule of 300 Take the number of “big boxes” between neighboring QRS complexes, and divide this into 300. The result will be approximately equal to the rate Although fast, this method only works for regular rhythms.
Slide 24-

What is the heart rate? (300 / 6) = 50 bpm www.uptodate.com
Slide 25-

What is the heart rate? (300 / ~ 4) = ~ 75 bpm www.uptodate.com
Slide 26-

What is the heart rate? (300 / 1.5) = 200 bpm
Slide 27-

The Rule of 300 It may be easiest to memorize the following table:
Slide 28-

10 Second Rule As most EKGs record 10 seconds of rhythm per page, one can simply count the number of beats present on the EKG and multiply by 6 to get the number of beats per 60 seconds. This method works well for irregular rhythms.
Slide 29-

What is the heart rate? 33 x 6 = 198 bpm The Alan E. Lindsay ECG Learning Center ; http://medstat.med.utah.edu/kw/ecg/
Slide 30-

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Slide 31-

Sinus Bradycardia
Slide 32-

First Degree Heart Block
Slide 33-

Mobitz Type I with inferior MI
Slide 34-

Mobitz Type I Second Degree Heart Block
Slide 35-

Mobitz Type II AV block
Slide 36-

Mobitz Type II AV Block
Slide 37-

2-1 AV Block
Slide 38-

Complete Heart Block
Slide 39-

AV Dissociation
Slide 40-

Idioventricular Rhythm
Slide 41-

Junctional Rhythm
Slide 42-

Asystole
Slide 43-

Sinus Tachycardia
Slide 44-

Atrial Flutter
Slide 45-

Atrial Fibrillation
Slide 46-

Ventricular Tachycardia
Slide 47-

Ventricular Tachycardia
Slide 48-

Ventricular Fibrillation
Slide 49-

Atrial Flutter A 68 year old lady on digoxin complaining of lethargy
Slide 50-

Atrial Flutter with 2-1 AV Block An 57 year old lady with palpitations
Slide 51-

Ventricular Bigeminy A 50 year old man with chest pain for 24 hours
Slide 52-

Complete Heart Block A 70 year old man with exercise intolerance
Slide 53-

Ventricular Tachycardia A 45 year old lady with palpitations and history of chronic renal failure
Slide 54-

Ventricular Tachycardia A 69 year old man 2 weeks after an inferior myocardial infarction
Slide 55-

Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (Torsade de pointe) A 60 year old man with Ischaemic Heart Disease
Slide 56-

Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia with ICD A 36 year old lady with recurrent blackouts
Slide 57-

Ventricular Fibrillation A 60 year old man with 2 hours of "crushing" chest pain suddenly collapses
Slide 58-

Electrical Alternans A 56 year old man with breathlessness and raised JVP
Slide 59-

Hyperkalemia A 58 year old man on haemodialysis presents with profound weakness after a weekend fishing trip
Slide 60-

Hypokalemia A 22 year old lady with prolonged vomiting
Slide 61-

Digitalis Effect A 64 year old lady on digoxin
Slide 62-

Wondering Pacemaker
Slide 63-

Sinus Pause or Arrest