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Ocular Emergencies PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Ocular Emergencies” by Abdullah Alfawaz, MD,FRCS.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about ocular emergencies, any urgent and potentially sight-threatening eye conditions that require immediate medical attention. Some common ocular emergencies include:

Chemical burns: Exposure to harmful chemicals or substances can cause severe damage to the eye, leading to vision loss if left untreated.
Trauma: Any injury to the eye, such as a blow or foreign object entering the eye, can cause significant damage and should be treated immediately.
Retinal detachment: This occurs when the retina, the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals, becomes detached from the eye wall. Symptoms include flashes of light, floaters, and a curtain-like shadow across the visual field.
Acute angle-closure glaucoma: A sudden increase in eye pressure that can cause severe pain, blurred vision, and even permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.
Orbital cellulitis: An infection of the tissues surrounding the eye that can cause redness, swelling, pain, and fever.
Corneal ulcers: An open sore on the cornea, the clear outer layer of the eye, that can cause severe pain, redness, and vision loss.
Acute uveitis: An inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, that can cause eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or have any concerns about your eye health, seek medical attention immediately. Prompt treatment can prevent further damage and preserve your vision.

Tags : Ocular Emergencies, sight-threatening eye conditions, Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2720 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Ocular Emergencies Abdullah Alfawaz, MD,FRCS Head of ophthalmology Department Associate Prof. Cornea/Uveitis service College of Medicine, King Saud University
Slide 2-

Ocular Emergencies General Emergancies: Corneal ulcer Uveitis Acute angle closure glaucoma Orbital cellulitis Endophthalmitis Retinal detachment Orbital/Ocular trauma: Corneal abrasion Corneal and conjunctival foreign bodies Hyphema Ruptured globe Orbital wall fracture Lid Laceration Chemical injury
Slide 3-

Corneal Ulcer Corneal ulcer occur secondary to lid and conjunctival inflammation but it is often secondary to trauma or contact lens wear Bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic
Slide 4-

Corneal Ulcer Ocular pain, redness and discharge with decrease vision and corneal opacity.
Slide 5-

Corneal Ulcer Management: Prompt diagnosis of the etiology by doing corneal scraping. Treatment with appropriate antimicrobial therapy is essential to minimize visual loss. Then treat the inflammatory process Promote healing and treat the primary cause if present (e.g. lid deformity, dryness)
Slide 6-

Contact lens wearer Any redness occur for patients who wear contact lens should be managed with extreme caution Remove lens Rule out corneal infection (i.e corneal ulcer) gram negative organisms, fungi and Acanthembea are common causative organisms Do not patch Close Follow up
Slide 7-

Uveitis Inflammation of the uveal tissue (iris, ciliary body, or choroid), retina, blood vessels, optic disc, and vitreous can be involved. Etiology Idiopathic Inflammatory diseases HLA B27, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, Reiter’s syndrome, Psoriatic arthritis Sarcoidosis, Behcet’s, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome Infectious Herpes virus Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis Syphilis
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Uveitis
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Uveitis
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Uveitis Management Identify possible cause Topical steroid Topical cycloplegic Systemic immunosuppressive medication Steroid Cyclosporine Methotrexate Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide Immunomodulating agents Infliximab (Anti TNF)
Slide 12-

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Result from peripheral iris blocking the outflow of fluid
Slide 13-

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Present with pain, redness, mid-dilated pupil with decrease vision and coloured haloes around lights Severe headache or nausea and vomiting Intraocular pressure is elevated Can cause severe visual loss due to optic nerve damage Medical Tx and peripheral laser iridotomy will be curative in most cases
Slide 14-

Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma Medical Tx and peripheral laser iridotomy will be curative in most cases
Slide 15-

Preseptal Cellulitis
Slide 16-

Preseptal Cellulitis Lid swelling and erythema Visual acuity ,motility, pupils, and globe are normal
Slide 17-

Preseptal Cellulitis Etiology Skin wound Laceration Retained foreign body from trauma Vascular extension, or extension from sinuses or another infectious site ( e.g.,dacryocystitis, chalazion) Organisms Staph aureus – Streptococci- H.influenzae
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Preseptal Cellulitis Management: Warm compresses Systemic antibiotics CT sinuses and orbit if not better or +ve history of trauma
Slide 20-

Orbital Cellulitis Pain Decreased vision Impaired ocular motility/double vision Afferent pupillary defect Conjunctival chemosis and injection Proptosis Optic nerve swelling
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Orbital Cellulitis Management: Admission Intravenous antibiotics Nasopharynx and blood cultures Surgery maybe necessary
Slide 23-

Orbital Cellulitis
Slide 24-

Endophthalmitis Potentially devastating complication of any intraocular surgery Any patient in the early postoperative period (within 6 weeks of surgery) c/o pain or decrease vision should be evaluated immediately
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Endophthalmitis Management Vitreous sample for culture Intravitreal antibiotics injection plus topical antibiotics
Slide 27-

Retinal Detachment Symptoms Flashes, floaters, a curtain or shadow moving over the field of vision Peripheral and/ or central visual loss
Slide 28-

Retinal Detachment
Slide 29-

Corneal Abrasion
Slide 30-

Corneal Abrasions History of scratching the eye Symptoms: Foreign body sensation Pain Tearing Photophobia
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Slide 32-

Corneal Abrasions Treatment: Topical antibiotic Pressure patch over the eye Refer to ophthalmologist
Slide 33-

Chemical Injuries A vision-threatening emergency The offending chemical may be in the form of a solid, liquid, powder, mist, or vapor. Can occur in the home, most commonly from detergents, disinfectants, solvents, cosmetics, drain cleaners…..
Slide 34-

Chemical Injuries Can range in severity from mild irritation to complete destruction of the ocular surface Management: Irrigate with clean water Instill topical anesthetic Check for and remove foreign bodies
Slide 35-

Chemical Injuries Immediate irrigation essential, preferably with saline or Ringer’s lactate solution, for at least 30 minutes
Slide 36-

Chemicals Injuries Irrigation should be continued until neutral pH is reached (i.e.,7.0) Instill topical antibiotic Frequent lubrications Oral pain medication Enhance healing
Slide 37-

Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies History of trauma Foreign body sensation-Tearing
Slide 38-

Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies Management Instill topical anesthetic Removal of the foreign body Topical antibiotic Treat corneal abrasion
Slide 39-

Hyphema Can occur with blunt or penetrating injury Blood in the anterior chamber
Slide 40-

Hyphema Can lead to high intraocular pressure Detailed history (Sickle cell) Management Bed rest Topical steroid Topical cycloplegic Antifibrinolysis agents (Tranexamic acid) Surgical evacuation
Slide 41-

Ruptured Globe Suspect a ruptured globe if: Severe blunt trauma Sharp object
Slide 42-

Ruptured globe Suspect a ruptured globe if: Bullous subconjunctival hemorrhage Uveal prolapse (Iris or ciliary body) Irregular pupil Hyphema Vitreous hemorrhage Lens opacity Lowered intraocular pressure
Slide 43-

Ruptured Globe Bullous subconjunctival hemorrhage
Slide 44-

Ruptured Globe Uveal prolapse (Iris or ciliary body)
Slide 45-

Ruptured Globe Irregular pupil
Slide 46-

Ruptured Globe Intraocular foreign body
Slide 47-

If globe ruptured or laceration is suspected Stop examination Shield the eye Give tetanus prophylaxis Refer immediately to ophthalmologist
Slide 48-

Orbital Fractures Assess ocular motility Assess sensation over cheek and lip Palpate for bony abnormality
Slide 49-

Lid Laceration Can result from sharp or blunt trauma Rule out associated ocular injury
Slide 50-

Break Time