Download Free Medical Cardiometabolic Diseases and Nutrition-Risk Factors Prevention and Treatment PowerPoint Presentation

Cardiometabolic Diseases and Nutrition-Risk Factors Prevention and Treatment PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Cardiometabolic Diseases and Nutrition: Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment

Tags : CMD,Nutrition,Nutrition-Risk Factors,Nutrition

Published on : Oct 25, 2023 | Views : 1498 | Downloads : 0

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Cardiometabolic Diseases and Nutrition: Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment Prof. Reema Tayyem
Slide 2-

What is the Definition of Cardiometabolic Diseases (CMDs)? CMDs are a group of common but preventable conditions including heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Slide 3-

There is a global increase in the number of people who experience one or more of these conditions during their lifetime. Smoking, lack of exercise, drinking a lot of alcohol and eating an unhealthy diet are recognized as the four main drivers of this rise.
Slide 4-

Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is defined as the co-existence of two or more of three cardiometabolic disorders: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is becoming progressively more common globally, and the public health impact has received increased attention during the past several years.
Slide 5-

ppt slide no 5 content not found
Slide 6-

ppt slide no 6 content not found
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

Association of Unhealthy Diet with CMDs
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

Western Dietary Patterns This diet is often characterized by high consumption of soft drinks, red and processed meat and refined cereals, with concurrently low intake of fish, fruit and vegetables as well as whole grains. Higher western pattern score at 14 yr was associated with ↑ risk of NAFLD at 17 yr (OR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.17–2.14; P < 0.05) before adjustment to BMI. The increase in adherence to a fast food pattern was associated with ↑ odds for NAFLD after adjustment for age, sex, EI, PA, smoked, education, MS (P < 0.01).
Slide 11-

Added Sugar, High Fruits and High Fructose Dietary Patterns ↑ Adherence to high fruits pattern ↑ the odds of NAFLD (OR: 4.061; 95%CI: 1.320–12.100, P < 0.05, adjusted for mentioned confounders. After adjusting for many factors, the sugar-rich pattern was associated with ↑ risk of NAFLD (HR: 1.11). Fructose-rich diets, based on sugar-sweetened beverages increase hepatic synthesis of TG and are recognized as a major mediator of NAFLD.
Slide 12-

ppt slide no 12 content not found
Slide 13-

In cohort studies, white rice was associated with higher risk of T2D (pooled RR, 1.16; 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.32) comparing extreme categories. At intakes above ~300g/day, a dose–response was observed (each 158g/day serving was associated with 13% (11%–15%) higher risk of T2D). Intake of brown rice was associated with lower risk of T2D (pooled RR, 0.89; 95%CI: 0.81 to 0.97) comparing extreme categories.
Slide 14-

Each 50g/day serving of brown rice was associated with 13% (6%–20%) lower risk of T2D. RCTs showed an increase in HDL (0.06mmol/L; 0.00 to 0.11mmol/L) in the brown compared with white rice group.
Slide 15-

Association of Sedentary Behavior with CMDs
Slide 16-

ppt slide no 16 content not found
Slide 17-

Obesity in association with sedentary behavior
Slide 18-

Diabetes in association with sedentary behavior
Slide 19-

long time spent in sedentary behavior, mainly sitting and TV time, was positively associated with the occurrence of CMDs and related biomarkers in South American adults.
Slide 20-

Association of Smoking with CMDs
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

ppt slide no 22 content not found
Slide 23-

Because nicotine causes short-term increases in energy expenditure, smokers tend to weigh less than nonsmokers initially. However, over time, smoking increases insulin resistance and is associated with central fat accumulation, leading to the development of metabolic syndrome and T2DM. Furthermore, cigarette smoking may be the first step towards unhealthy habits, including excess alcohol consumption and caloric intake, which are linked to future metabolic disorders.
Slide 24-

Prevention of CMDs
Slide 25-

Prevention of CMDs Physical Activity (PA) Macronutrients Composition Probiotic Supplements Mediterranean Diet and other Dietary Patterns
Slide 26-

Macronutrients Composition and the Prevention of CMDs
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

Recommendations To reduce body weight in adults with overweight or obesity, a balanced and high quality diet with carbohydrate restriction and reduced caloric intake is recommended. Recent guidelines for obesity management allow the individualized use of carbohydrate-restricted diets for obesity treatment, and most of the carbohydrate-restricted diets included in this study involved a decrease in total calorie intake.
Slide 29-

Carbohydrate-restricted diets should reduce total caloric intake while avoiding an increase in saturated and trans-fatty acids intake. In a cohort study examining the association between a carbohydrate-restricted diet and the mortality risk, an animal product-based carbohydrate-restricted diet was associated with increased all-cause mortality both in men and women. In contrast, a vegetable-based carbohydrate-restricted diet was associated with reduced all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

Ketogenic diet Ketogenic diet (KD) is the most popular low-carbohydrate eating plan based on a strict restriction in carbohydrates (less than 20-50 g/d) consumption. Therefore, KD could have a positive impact on NAFLD, due to very low content of carbohydrates in the diet. However, it is not known if ketosis plays an additional role. Several mechanisms may be proposed links between ketosis and improvement of NAFLD.
Slide 33-

First, a ketogenic diet decreases insulin levels that lead to increased rate of fatty acid oxidation and decreased lipogenesis. Then, restriction of carbohydrates encourages the formation of ketone bodies, which cause satiety by a still-unknown mechanism. In turn, reduced calorie intake leads to weight loss. KD Insulin FA oxidation lipogenesis KB Formation Satiety and weight loss
Slide 34-

KD therapy is generally promising in obesity, heart failure, and hypertension, though different voices still exist. In diabetes and dyslipidemia, the performance of KD remains controversial. Various factors might account for the controversies, including genetic background, duration of therapy, food composition, quality, and sources of KDs.
Slide 35-

Mediterranean Diet and other Dietary Patterns
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

Mediterranean Diet (MD) It is observed that many obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria. Mediterranean diet (MD) can improve dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and CMDs.
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

The term “Mitochondria nutrients” has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including minerals magnesium, polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity.
Slide 40-

For example, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenol from olive oil, was effective in the regulation of multiple high fat diet-induced MetS, especially those related to mitochondrial dysfunction, through the modulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in the liver and skeletal muscles.
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

ppt slide no 42 content not found
Slide 43-

Guidance to Promote Cardiometabolic Health
Slide 44-

ppt slide no 44 content not found
Slide 45-

Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat adequate amount and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms);
Slide 46-

(5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt;
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

ppt slide no 48 content not found