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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Bodybuilding Dietary Supplements and Sports Nutrition, which is titled "Youth Exercise & Sport – Relevance of “Sports” Nutrition?", to know about sports nutrition and its relevance.

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Slide 1-

1 Jennifer Sacheck, PhD Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy John Hancock Center on Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity Prevention Youth Exercise & Sport – Relevance of “Sports” Nutrition?
Slide 2-

The National Crisis 2 ~32% Kids 2-19 yrs ~69% Adults APOP, IOM, 2012
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Energy In vs. Energy Out Dietary Intake Physical Activity
Slide 4-

Food Advertising/ Marketing Aimed at Children Plethora of Low Cost/Energy Dense Foods Physical Education and Recess Cuts Development of Childhood Obesity Multi Media Saturation Increased Portion Sizes Energy IN Energy OUT Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption Frequent Eating Away from Home Declines in Physical Activity Changing Built Environment Less Sleep
Slide 5-

Caloric Difference: 525 calories 1,025 calories 2 cups of pasta w/ sauce 3 large meatballs 20 Years Ago Today 500 calories 1 cup pasta w/ sauce 3 small meatballs SPAGHETTI & MEATBALLS We Eat Too Much….
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Estimated Calorie Requirements by Age and Activity Level (Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes, 2002)
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Slide 8-

We Eat “Dead Food”
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And More “Dead Food”
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Contribution of Solid Fats and Added Sugars to Energy Intake Among Children and Adolescents in the United States Reedy J, et al. J Am Diet Assoc; 2010; Volume 110 (Oct).
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Reedy J, et al. J Am Diet Assoc; 2010; Volume 110 (Oct). Food Sources and Mean Intake of Empty Calories for Male Children and Adolescents, Relative to Discretionary Calorie Allowance Males (by age) Discretionary calorie allowance 165 171 195 290 Data Source: NHANES 2003-04 Whole milk Soda Soda Soda
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And what about sugar?..... WHITE, CANE, BEET, FRUIT, TABLE, BROWN, & HFCS….& HONEY, MAPLE SYRUP, & AGAVE
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Sources of Dietary Added Sugars: Americans Ages 2+, NHANES 2005-2006
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Slide 15-

Total Television Food Advertising Exposure, by Age Rudd Report TRENDS IN TELEVISION FOOD ADVERTISING. Data Used from Nielsen Report (2008) Teens see 14 ads/day
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16 Lack of Physical Activity Can Johnny Come Out and Eat?
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Physical Activity Guidelines for Children Children and adolescents should do 60 minutes or more of physical activity daily. Aerobic: Most of the 60 or more minutes a day should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, and should include vigorous-intensity physical activity at least 3 days a week. Muscle-strengthening: As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should include muscle-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days of the week. Bone-strengthening: As part of their 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, children and adolescents should include bone-strengthening physical activity on at least 3 days of the week.
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Youth Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines Troiano R, et al. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008. Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2011
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Youth Cardiorespiratory Fitness 12-19 yrs (NHANES 1999-2002) ~65% of males and females met the standard Males Females Pate et al 2006 19
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Built Environment & Free Play 20
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Physical Education 21 150 min/week for elementary and 225 min/week of PE for middle and high school students APOP, IOM, 2012
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Media Blitz 22 APOP, IOM, 2012
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Contribution of Organized Sports to Physical Activity Recommendations Physical Activity During Youth Sports Practices Leek, D. et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;0:archpediatrics.2010.252v1-6.
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Leek, D. et al. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;0:archpediatrics.2010.252v1-6. Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) during Practice and Participants Meeting PA Guidelines by Sex
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Contribution of Organized Sports to Physical Activity Recommendations: Physical Activity During Youth Indoor Soccer Games Sacheck, et al. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2010
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Out of School Time – Organized Sports Time spent at various intensities of physical activity during a 50-min soccer match Values are means (SD). Moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, vs. females Sacheck et al, Ped Exer Sci, 2010
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% Time spent in different intensities of physical activity during a 50-min soccer match by BMI category Values are means  SE. Different than normal weight individuals **P<0.01 N NNormal Weight Overweight/Obese N NNormal Weight Overweight/Obese
Slide 28-

Estimated kcals for BMR, AEE, and TEE during a 50-min soccer match by BMI category BMR = basal metabolic rate; AEE = activity energy expenditure; TEE = total energy expenditure (BMR + AEE). Values are means  SE. Different than normal weight individuals *P<0.05, **P<0.01 N NNormal Weight Overweight/Obese N N Normal Weight Overweight/Obese
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29 Consequences
Slide 30-

Poor Health Outcomes 30 WHO estimates that 1.9 million deaths worldwide are attributable to physical inactivity APOP, IOM, 2012
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The Somerville FIT Study **P<0.001
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Combined Impact of Fitness & Fatness on Metabolic Risk Factors in Children 32 Black Bars = unfit
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Mean Number of Fitness Tests Passed by BMI Percentile 33 Kim et al Obes Res 2005 End run, ab strength, flexibility, upper body strength and agility
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What is happening? Obese children may: have a more difficult time moving their body against gravity Be more likely to have physical complications/pain during PA perform less PA so that they also have less opportunity to practice and develop proficiency have fewer opportunities for and have less enjoyment in PA 34
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Adult Fitness, BMI and CVD Mortality in Men Fitness trumps “fatness” (Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study) 35 Lee et al Circulation 2011
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Student Academic Achievement 36
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Likelihood of Passing Academic Tests For Each Fitness Test Passed by Massachusetts Students in Grades 4 to 8 Chomitz V, et al. Journal of School Health, 2009. Odds of passing increased by 24% per test passed Odds of passing increased by 38% per test passed
Slide 38-

Kids: Sports Nutrition Issues Consuming adequate calories Eating consistent meals Getting a good balance of foods/nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, & fat) Refueling after exercise Drinking enough fluids Most appropriate fluids Inappropriate use of sports drinks, bars and supplements
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Estimated Calorie Requirements by Age and Activity Level (Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes, 2002)
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Macronutrient Needs Protein: 10-30% calories Carbohydrate: 45 to 65% calories Fat: 25-35% calories 5 to 10% as linoleic acid 0.6 to 1.2% as linolenic acid
Slide 41-

Protein Needs: 0.8-1.2 g/kg/day Here are examples of amounts of protein in food: 1 cup of milk has 8 grams of protein A 3-ounce piece of meat has about 21 grams of protein 1 cup of dry beans has about 16 grams of protein An 8-ounce container of yogurt has about 11 grams of protein
Slide 42-

WHAT TO EAT? 2/3 carbohydrates: 1/3 bread, bagels, cereal, rice, pasta, crackers, pretzels 1/3 vegetables, beverages 1/3 protein OR LESS: Meat, poultry, fish, dairy foods, nuts, seeds, soy foods, dried beans, eggs
Slide 43-

Nutrient Needs: Critical Minerals Calcium Most important for obtaining peak bone mass at this age Iron Increased need related to rapid rate of linear growth, increase in blood volume, and in females, onset of menarche Zinc Required for sexual maturation, important co-factor in enzymes
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Thermal Stress and Children Children rely more on convection and radiation, which are enhanced through greater peripheral vasodilation Evaporative heat loss is lower because of reduced sweat rates Children have greater ratios of surface area to mass Acclimatization to heat is slower in boys than in adult men (no data available for girls)
Slide 45-

Water is critical for endurance performance!
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And What About All Those Drinks???
Slide 47-

Sport Drinks Uniquely designed to meet both energy and fluid needs of athletes Composition influences gastric emptying Carbohydrate solutions empty more slowly Most sports drinks contain: 6-8% CHO in the form of glucose and glucose polymers 20-60 mmol/L sodium Adding glucose stimulates sodium and water absorption Sodium increases thirst
Slide 48-

Who Really Needs Sports Drinks? American Academy of Pediatrics: “If children are participating in prolonged vigorous physical activity in hot, humid conditions for more than one hour, small amounts of sports drinks may be appropriate” 2010 National Youth PA & Nutrition Study 16% drank at least one serving/day 9% drank at least two servings/day Participation in varsity sports: 33% (girls) 37% (boys) Johnston LD, et al. Am J Prev Med 2007; Volume 33 (Oct).
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Hydration BEFORE – Water! 1-2 hours before: 2-1/2 cups (20 oz.) 15-30 min before: 1-1/2 cups (12 oz.) DURING – Water! 8 oz every 15-20 min diluted fruit juice, sports drinks (6-8%) IF exercise is >60 min AFTER – Water! Drink 2 cups for each pound lost Weigh yourself before and after exercise Don’t trust thirst Avoid caffeine
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Caffeine Benefits Increases: Mental alertness Concentration Catecholamine release Use of fats by muscles Decreases fatigue & lowers perception of effort Improves endurance performance May improve sprint/strength performance Potential side-effects Increased urination Gastrointestinal distress Tremors Decreased sleep Nervousness/Anxiety symptoms Irregular heart rate/rhythm
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Ergogenic Aids Ergogenic = “work-producing” Performance enhancers Many product claims Energy, enhance performance, change body composition This includes ergogenic aids that are: Pharmacological – amphetamines, caffeine, diuretics Hormonal – anabolic steroids, oral contraceptives Physiological Nutritional Psychological Biomechanical
Slide 52-

Four Important Questions Effective? Advertisements Popular press Anecdotal evidence Personal experience Research and science Safe? Toxicity and knowledge Legal? Determined by governing body of the sport Ethical? Moral, guiding principles
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Sports Supplements Natural and safe are NOT the same Supplements can interfere with medications More is NOT BETTER Tell someone what you take, or are planning to take Be informed, and be cautious with supplements, as what you don’t know may hurt you!
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And What About Those Bars???
Slide 55-

Nutrition Facts We eat FOOD, NOT nutrients Athletes need carbohydrate, protein and fat-containing foods daily We can be selective about the types of foods we choose to eat: Fish instead of a hot dog Kashi instead of Fruit Loops Peanut butter instead of bacon
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Bottom Line!! Food, fluid, and rest are essential for peak mind and body performance Food choices, timing, and amounts matter Foster POSITIVE environments
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Healthy Kids Out of School Unite out-of-school organizations around nutrition and physical activity principles and providing the resources to help them become effective venues for childhood obesity prevention.
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Three Guiding Principles Drink Right: Choose water instead of sugar-sweetened beverages. Move More: Boost movement and physical activity in all programs. Snack Smart: Fuel up on fruits and vegetables.
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Healthy Kids Hub website
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