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Research Validity and Reliability PowerPoint Presentation

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Published on : May 21, 2020 | Views : 15365 | Downloads : 72

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Research Validity And Reliability
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VALIDITY Validity is an indication of how sound your research is. When you do quantitative research, you have to consider the reliability and validity of your methods and instruments of measurement. Validity tells you how accurately a method measures something. If a method measures what it claims to measure, and the results closely correspond to real-world values, then it can be considered valid.
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Types of validity:
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CONTEXT OF VALIDITY The question of validity is raised in context of the 3 points:- Form of the test Purpose of the test and Population for whom it is intended.
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TYPES OF VALIDITY There are for main types of validity: 1. Construct Validity: Does the test measure the concept that it’s intended to measure? 2.Content Validity: Is the test fully representative of what it aims to measure? 3.Face Validity: Does the content of the test appear to be suitable to its aims? 4.Criterion Validity: Do the results correspond to a different test of the same thing?
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TYPES OF VALIDITY 1. Construct Validity: Construct validity evaluates whether a measurement tool really represents the thing we are interested in measuring. It’s central to establishing the overall validity of a method. Examples: 1. An example is a measurement of the human brain, such as intelligence, level of emotion, proficiency or ability. 2. An example could be a doctor testing the effectiveness of painkillers on chronic back sufferers.
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TYPES OF VALIDITY 2. Content Validity: Its the extent to which the measurement method covers the entire range of relevant behavior's, thoughts and feelings that, define the construct being measured. Example: An educational test with strong content validity will represent the subjects actually taught to the students, rather than asking unrelated questions.
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TYPES OF VALIDITY Face Validity:- Face validity occurs where something appears to be valid. This depends very much on the judgment of the observer. Example: People might have negative reactions to an intelligence test that didn’t appears to them to be measuring their intelligence.
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TYPES OF VALIDITY 4. Criterion Validity: It refers to the extent to which people’s scores from a test are correlated with other variables or criteria that reflect the same construct. Examples: An IQ test correlate positively with school performance. An occupational aptitude test correlate positively with work performance.
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Reliability Definition: Reliability is the degree to which a test consistently measures yielding a consistent scores When a measurement procedure yields consistent scores when the phenomenon being measured is not changing. Degree to which scores are free of “Measurement Error. Consistency of the measurement
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Types of reliability
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Internal consistency: Definition: Internal consistency establishes the extent to which multiple items within an outcome measure reflect the same construct. Example: Berg balance scale is intended to measure one construct balance. To determine the internal consistency of the scale inter item correlation is commonly assessed using the Cronbach alpha score ranges from 0 to 1. A general rule of thumb is alpha sore value should be greater than 0.70 and less than 0.90.
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Test-retest reliability: Definition: Test retest reliability establishes the extent to which an outcome measures produces the same result when repeatedly applied to a patient who has not experienced change in the characteristics being measured. Example: If a patient’s balance has not changed between the Monday and Friday of same week, the patient’s score on a balance score should be essentially same.
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Intra-rater reliability: Definition : Intra-rater reliability refers to the consistency with which the an outcome measure produces the same score when used by the same therapist on the same patient. Example : If you measure a patients shoulder abduction ROM is 140 degrees, you should be able to obtain that same score of 140 degree the second and third time.
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Inter-rater reliability: Definition: Inter rater reliability refers to the consistency with which different raters produce the same score for the same patient. Example : Consider a situation in which your patients with total knee arthroplasty typically achieve knee flexion ROM 90 degrees after taking 1 week of therapy. However, when your colleague measures the same patient they achieve the 100 degrees of flexion. In this two or more rater rates the study.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VALIDITY & RELIABILITY Validity and reliability are closely related. A test cannot be considered valid unless the measurements resulting from it are reliable. Likewise, results from a test can be reliable and not necessarily valid.
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HOW TO CHECK RELIABILITY IN SPSS
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HOW TO CHECK RELIABILITY IN SPSS Turn on SPSS, put the values same like in validity And then select analyze and click scale, and then click reliability analyze.
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Then a new dialog box will appear with the name of reliability analysis, then enter items in box in the model select alpha. Last step click on ok command to terminate, after which it will appear SPSS output
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HOW TO CHECK VALIDITY IN SPSS
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HOW TO CHECK VALIDITY IN SPSS Turn on SPSS Turn on variable view and define each column as shown After filling variable view, click data view and fill in data tabulation of questionnaire.
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Click the analyze menu, select correlate, and select bivariate.
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After that will be appear dialog box bivariate correlate. Move all items to variable box. In the correlation coefficients select pearson, on test of significance select two-tailed, then select flag significant coefficient.
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Click ok to end the command.
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