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Parkinsons Disease And Treatment PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Parkinson’s Disease and Treatment” by Shalla Hanson.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about Parkinson’s disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor system, resulting in tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with movement and coordination. It is caused by the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain.

While there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected. Here are some of the most common treatments:

Medications: There are several medications available that can help manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is one of the most commonly prescribed medications, as it can be converted into dopamine in the brain. Other medications, such as dopamine agonists, can also be used to stimulate dopamine receptors in the brain.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS): This is a surgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes in specific parts of the brain that control movement. The electrodes are connected to a small device implanted under the skin of the chest, which delivers electrical impulses to the brain. DBS can help reduce tremors and other movement problems.
Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve mobility, flexibility, and balance. It can also help reduce the risk of falls and improve overall fitness.
Speech therapy: Parkinson’s disease can affect speech and swallowing, and speech therapy can help improve communication and swallowing abilities.
Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help individuals with Parkinson’s disease learn new strategies to manage everyday tasks, such as getting dressed and preparing meals.

It’s important to work with a healthcare team to determine the best treatment options for each individual with Parkinson’s disease. Treatment plans may need to be adjusted over time as symptoms change and new therapies become available.

Tags : Parkinson’s disease, neurodegenerative disorder, dopamine-producing cells, brain, Deep brain stimulation, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 860 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Parkinson’s Disease and Treatment Shalla Hanson Medicinal Chemistry
Slide 2-

Description of Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD) is typically considered a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. However, it is now known to have variety of nonmotor symptoms as well.
Slide 3-

Major Symptoms-TRAP Tremor Rigidity Akinesia/Bradykinesia Postural Instability Other motor symptoms include: Gait Dystonia Hypophonia Drooling Dysphagia Fatigue Akathesia
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Nonmotor Symptoms Mood—20-80% suffer from depression. Behavior—indirectly, e.g., a result of dementia, depression. Thinking-slowed reaction time and executive dysfunction Sensation—impaired sense of smell Excessive daytime sleep, insomnia, and REM sleep disturbances. Vision problems Impaired proprioception Oily skin Weight loss Incontinence Constipation Drooling
Slide 5-

Primary Known Causes Idiopathic—majority of cases Genetic Drug induced—Calcium Channel Blockers Toxins—Supported by the geographically varied incidence Head Trauma Cerebral Anoxia
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Pathophysiology Decreased stimulation of the motor cortex by the basal ganglia, usually due to the inadequate production and action of dopamine (produced in the dopaminergic neurons of the brain.) The specific region affected seems to be the pars compacta in the substantia nigra where there is a marked loss in dopaminergic cells. We also see a considerably high activity in the cells of the Subthalamic nucleus, which inhibits movement. High presence of Lewy bodies in dopaminergic cells.
Slide 7-

Diagnosis PET Scan—decreased dopaminergic activity in the substantia nigra Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale—cognitive interview Normal CT Normal MRI
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History PD was first described in detail by James Parkinson in 1817 in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsey.” Carlsson in 1950, determined that dopamine was a neurotransmitter and was exceptionally concentrated in the basal ganglia. Carlsson’s research later showed that Reserpine demonstrates a correlation between motor impairment and decreased dopamine levels. L-Dopa also given to animals which alleviated symptoms and initiated medicinal therapies for PD in 1967. In California in 1980 a group of opiate addicts consumed MPTP N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and revealed a pro-toxin, allowing another animal model of PD.
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Treatment Education Exercise Nutrition Psychiatric counseling
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Treatment Oral Medication L-Dopa (aka Levodopa) Most popular treatment Form of dopamine which is able to cross the BBB through transport in L-AA system and can then be metabolized to dopamine. Sinemet = levodopa + carbidopa
Slide 11-

Treatment Oral Medications MAO-B Inhibitors Selegiline = most common Dopamine Agonists Ropinirole Apomorphine Lisuride COMT Inhibitors (Catachol-O-methyl transferase Inh.) Tolcapone Entacapone Stalevo = levodopa, carbadopa, and entacapone
Slide 12-

Treatment Surgical Procedures Deep Brain Stimulation Creating a lesion in the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus
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Current Research Gene Therapy GAD = Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Deep Brain Stimulation Controlled Impulses Pallidotomy-not enough data to assess results well Subthalotomy—improvements in contralateral rigidity Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation—mimics Levodopa
Slide 14-

Works Cited Britton, Thomas C. "NONMOTOR ASPECTS OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE." Current Medical Literature: Neurology 20 (2004): 45-50. "Parkinson's Disease." Current Medical Literature: Neurology 23 (2007): 44-48. Marceglia, Sara, and Alberto Priori. "Sex, genes, hormones and nigral neurodegeneration: two different Parkinson's diseases in males and in females." Future Neurology 2 (2007): 499-503. "Literature Review: Pathophysiology." Current Medical Literature: Parkinson's Disease 5 (2003): 59-61. "Literature Review: Medical Treatment." Current Medical Literature: Parkinson's Disease 5 (2003): 66-70. "Literature Review: Surgical Treatment." Current Medical Literature: Parkinson's Disease 5 (2003): 71-72.
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