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Middle Ear Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Middle Ear Disorders".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the middle ear disorders. The middle ear is the part of the ear that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It consists of the eardrum (tympanic membrane) and a space filled with air that contains three small bones called the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes). The middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear.

There are several disorders that can affect the middle ear, including:

Otitis media: This is an infection of the middle ear that can cause pain, fever, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. It is more common in children and can be caused by bacteria or viruses.
Eustachian tube dysfunction: The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. If it becomes blocked or doesnt function properly, it can lead to a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, muffled hearing, and sometimes pain.
Otosclerosis: This is a condition in which the bones of the middle ear become immobilized, leading to hearing loss. It is usually caused by abnormal bone growth around the stapes bone.
Cholesteatoma: This is a growth of skin cells in the middle ear that can cause hearing loss, dizziness, and facial muscle weakness. It is typically caused by chronic otitis media.
Tympanic membrane perforation: This is a tear or hole in the eardrum that can cause pain, discharge from the ear, and hearing loss. It can be caused by trauma, infection, or exposure to loud noises.

Treatment for middle ear disorders depends on the specific condition and can range from antibiotics for otitis media to surgery for more severe conditions. Its important to see a doctor if you are experiencing any symptoms related to your ears.

Tags : Middle Ear Disorders, eardrum, tympanic membrane, Otitis media, Eustachian tube dysfunction, Otosclerosis, Cholesteatoma, Tympanic membrane perforation

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 2356 | Downloads : 3

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Transcript

Slide 1-

Middle Ear Disorders Lecture 13
Slide 2-

Outline Anatomy – ME Development Changes due to Mass/Stiffness Disorders Otitis Media Mastoiditis Cholesteatoma Otosclerosis
Slide 3-

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Slide 4-

Embryonic Development of ME 1st month: formation of ossicles starts 6 weeks: oval window formed 3rd month: ossicles fully developed but still cartilaginous tissue 5-6 months: ossification of ossicles
Slide 5-

Development of ME
Slide 6-

Resonant Frequency of Ear
Slide 7-

MASS vs STIFFNESS Mass – Changes in Mass occur with ME Stiffness Changes in Stiffness occur with ME
Slide 8-

MASS vs STIFFNESS When you increase stiffness of ME, you decrease the low frequencies on audio This results in a slight increase in the resonant frequency of the ear
Slide 9-

MASS vs STIFFNESS When you increase Mass of ME, you will see a decrease the high frequencies This results in a slight lowering of the resonant frequency of the ear
Slide 10-

Otitis Media 70% of children under age 3 have at least 1 episode (Winskel, 2008) 50% of children will have 1st infection before age 1(ASHA, 2004) and 9/10 before age 5. 35 % of these will have recurring OM (ASHA, 2004) Most common cause of HL in children under age 3, which occurs while developing language OM and language development OM and academic ability OM and literacy
Slide 11-

Impact of OME NOT a relationship between OME and cognitive function (Roberts et al, 1995) Presence of fluid/infection causes ____________ HL Fluid may take ___________________to resolve Hearing loss may continue to be present after ________________
Slide 12-

Otitis Media Acute Otitis Media: fluid in the middle ear with signs of infection (bulging eardrum, ear pain, drainage, perforation) Otitis Media with effusion: fluid in the middle ear without signs of infection (sometimes called serous effusion)
Slide 13-

OM Sequence Organisms access ME via Eustachian Tube (ET) ET becomes swollen and blocked ME pressure drops (vacuum results) Infection spreads to mucous lining of ME space Tympanic Membrane retracted
Slide 14-

OM Sequence (cont.) Fluid accumulates in the ME space Bulging observed Fluid becomes infected Rupture of TM or Bleeding possible
Slide 15-

From:http://www.rcsullivan.com 1. Serous Effusion (no infection) 2. Acute OM – Bulging TM 3. Resolving OM
Slide 16-

Untreated OM - Mastoiditis invasion of the fluid into mastoid bone
Slide 17-

OME Symptoms Fever Ear Pain Hearing Loss Irritability Pulling on ear Poor sleep Drainage
Slide 18-

Audiometric Results Degree of HL: Type: Tympanogram: OAEs: ABRs: IWI: Absolute latency of wave V Absolute threshold of wave V
Slide 19-

Interventions (Pediatrician, ENT) Watchful Waiting Antibiotics PE Tubes Myringotomy Politzerization Valsalva maneuver
Slide 20-

fromhttp://www.rcsullivan.com
Slide 21-

Interventions Politzerization blowing air with a special syringe into one nostril while blocking the other, and at the same time swallowing. Force air into the ET and the ME “Ear-Popper” The Valsalva maneuver: forcibly blowing air into the middle ear while holding the nose. Should not be done if there is a cold and nasal discharge.
Slide 22-

Prevention of OM
Slide 23-

Cholesteatoma Non malignant tumor in ME space Condition where skin has entered the ME space Small sac like tumor made up of proteins, fats and tissue As it grows – damage the bones in the ME
Slide 24-

Most common cholesteatomas from OM
Slide 25-

From: http://www.earsurgery.org/cholest Congenital cholesteatoma
Slide 26-

Etiology/Symptoms Etiology: Perforations: skin enters ME Retraction of TM Symptoms: HL, drainage with foul odor, ear pressure, dizziness, facial weakness Left untreated - can spread to inner ear or brain
Slide 27-

Audiometric Results with Cholesteatoma Degree: Type: Tympanogram: Reflexes: OAE: ABR: IWI Lowest level of wave V Overall latencies of wave V
Slide 28-

Intervention ENT: Mastoidectomy needs frequent follow-up keep ear dry antibiotics: both oral and ear drops CT-Scan/MR imaging: determines extent Audiological: post-op results
Slide 29-

Bell’s Palsy Incidence of 13-18 per 100,000 Family tendency for onset Damage to the facial nerve Unilateral facial paralysis Etiology: from viral or bacterial infection, tumor, swelling, injury
Slide 30-

Facial Nerve – VII Cranial Nerve Innervates 7000 nerve fibers Crosses the wall of the middle ear space Carries impulses also to tongue, saliva glands, tear glands, stapes
Slide 31-

Symptoms Twitching, weakness, tearing, numbness on one side Changes in taste – Chorda tympani nerve- branch of the facial nerve Not a disease Rarely causes HL alone Differentiate from acoustic neuroma
Slide 32-

Intervention ENT: Steroids esp within week after onset Recovery in 4-6 weeks may take up to 4 months for full recovery Eye patch at night Keep eye from drying out Permanent Facial Nerve paralysis: surgical interventions PT- facial retraining
Slide 33-

Audiometric Results with Bell’s Palsy Degree: Type: Tympanogram: Reflexes: OAE: ABR: IWI Lowest level of wave V Overall latencies of wave V
Slide 34-

Otosclerosis Abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear around the footplate of the stapes. prevents ossicular chain from moving properly Footplate of stapes becomes “fixed” at the oval window
Slide 35-

Otosclerosis Progressive More common in adults, rare in children Higher prevalence in females: adolescence through middle age (2:1) Genetic Hereditary: Accounts for 70 % of cases Autosomal Dominant 25% chance if one parent carrier 50% chance if both parents carriers
Slide 36-

Symptoms Gradual HL: initial onset after puberty Increased HL after pregnancies Tinnitus Dizziness Paracusis Willisi
Slide 37-

Audiogram – Otosclerosis
Slide 38-

Medical Interventions Sodium Fluoride Treatment – reduces bone absorption and enhances calcium development of bones Stapedectomy: removal of stapes and replacement with prosthesis (Shea, 1957) BAHA implantable device
Slide 39-

Audiometric Results with Otosclerosis Degree: Type: Tympanogram: Reflexes: OAE: ABR: IWI Lowest level of wave V Overall latencies of wave V