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Complications of Diabetes PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Complications of Diabetes".

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Diabetes, a chronic medical condition that affects the bodys ability to regulate blood sugar levels. If left uncontrolled, diabetes can cause various complications in different parts of the body. Some of the common complications of diabetes include Cardiovascular disease, Nerve damage, Kidney damage, Eye damage, Foot damage, Skin conditions, Hearing impairment, and Depression, etc.

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Published on : Apr 18, 2023 | Views : 1707 | Downloads : 2

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1 Complications of Diabetes Pennington Biomedical Research Center Division of Education
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2 of 39 Heart Disease Kidney Disease/Kidney Transplantation Eye Complications Diabetic Neuropathy and Nerve Damage Foot Complications Skin Complications Gastroparesis and Diabetes Depression Common Potential Complications of Diabetes
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3 of 39 Heart Disease Caused by a narrowing or blocking of the blood vessels to your heart. The vessels carry oxygen and nutrients to your heart. Vessels can become partially or totally blocked by fatty deposits. A heart attack - when the blood supply to your heart is reduced or cut off.
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4 of 39 Diabetes increases the risk for coronary artery disease, a heart attack or stroke. Take preventive steps now. Keep your ABCs of diabetes on target. Heart Disease and Diabetes
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5 of 39 “The ABCs”
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6 of 39 Kidney Function Kidneys act as filters. Kidneys remove waste products from the blood. We create waste products from digestion. Normally, waste products are eliminated in urine from the body. Protein and red blood cells are too big to pass through the filter and remain in the blood.
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7 of 39 Kidney Disease High levels of blood sugar can put extra stress on the kidneys. After years of damage, the kidneys start to leak. Useful proteins are lost in the urine. Get a condition known as microalbuminuria. There are several treatments at this point that may keep the kidney disease from getting worse. When kidney disease is diagnosed later, during macroalbuminuria, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) usually follows.
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8 of 39 Kidney Disease Kidneys lose their filtering ability. Waste products begin to build up in the blood. Finally, the kidneys fail. ESRD kidney transplant or regular visits to a dialysis clinic.
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9 of 39 Who Gets Kidney Disease? Factors that influence kidney disease development include: Genetics Blood pressure Blood sugar control Controlling blood sugar and blood pressure are very important in reducing the chances of developing kidney disease.
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10 of 39 Facts About Diabetes and Kidney Disease Nephropathy - 10-21% of diabetes cases. ~ 43% of new cases of ESRD are attributed to diabetes. 12 times higher in people with type 1 diabetes 4 times higher in African Americans, 4 to 6 times higher in Mexican Americans 6 times higher in Native Americans than in the general population of diabetes patients.
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11 of 39 ---Eye Complications--- Higher risk of blindness. Many have minor eye disorders. Early treatments critical.
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12 of 39 Glaucoma Pressure build-up in the eye. Pinches the blood vessels. Damages nerves. Vision is gradually lost. 40% more likely to suffer from glaucoma. Risk increases with age and duration of diabetes.
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13 of 39 Cataracts The eye’s clear lens clouds, blocking light. Wear sunglasses Use glare-control lenses in eyeglasses. Damaged lens – remove. transplant.
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14 of 39 Individuals with diabetes are: 60% more likely to develop cataracts at a younger age faster progression have problems if removal of the lens is necessary due to the beginning stages of glaucoma Cataracts
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15 of 39 Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a general term for all disorders of the retina caused by diabetes. There are 2 major types of retinopathy: Nonproliferative: This is the common, mild form. Proliferative: This form is much more serious.
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16 of 39 There are several factors that influence whether you get retinopathy: Blood sugar control Blood pressure levels How long you have had diabetes Genetics Almost everyone with type 1 diabetes will eventually develop nonproliferative retinopathy. Retinopathy
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17 of 39 Diabetic Neuropathy & Nerve Damage ~50% have some form of nerve damage. It’s more common in those who have had the disease for many years. Blood glucose control can help prevent or delay nerve damage.
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PBRC 2009 18 of 39 2 Common Types of Nerve Damage Sensorimotor neuropathy: Also known as “peripheral neuropathy” Can cause tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness in hands and feet. Autonomic neuropathy: Can lead to Digestive problems such as feeling full, nausea Vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation Problems with how well the bladder works Problems having sex Dizziness or faintness Loss of the typical warning signs of a heart attack Loss of warning signs of low blood glucose Increased or decreased sweating Changes in how your eyes react to light and dark
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PBRC 2009 19 of 39 Keep Your Blood Glucose Levels in Your Target Range It is important to: Report all possible signs of diabetic neuropathy Get treatment right away if you have problems. Take good care of your feet, checking them every day. Protect your feet. Wear shoes and socks that fit well and wear them all the time. Purchase special shoes, if they are needed. Be careful with exercising. Some activities are not safe for individuals with neuropathy.
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PBRC 2009 20 of 39 Foot complications Skin Changes Calluses Foot Ulcers Poor Circulation Amputation
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PBRC 2009 21 of 39 Skin Changes and Calluses Skin Changes: Dry skin and feet. Seal remaining moisture in with plain petroleum jelly, unscented hand cream, or a similar product. It is important not to put oils or creams between toes. Calluses Occur more often and build up faster. May need therapeutic shoes and inserts. Calluses can lead to ulcers (open sores). Never try to cut calluses yourself– this can lead to infection. Let your healthcare provider cut them.
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PBRC 2009 22 of 39 Foot Ulcers and Poor Circulation Foot Ulcers Every ulcer should be seen by your health care provider immediately. Can result in infections, potentially leading to loss of a limb. It is important to keep off of your feet. Poor Circulation Can lead to infection and delay healing. To improve poor circulation: Stop smoking and keep blood pressure and cholesterol in check Exercise improves circulation. It increases blood flow. Exercise is a good idea for individuals who currently do not have any open sores on the foot. Proper shoes are essential.
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PBRC 2009 23 of 39 Amputation Highly likely in diabetes. Due to artery disease, which reduces blood flow to the feet and nerve damage, which reduces sensation. These can lead to ulcers and infections that may lead to amputation. Amputations are preventable.
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PBRC 2009 24 of 39 Amputation - Prevention Take good care of your feet. Always follow your health care provider’s advice when caring for foot problems. Stop smoking! Smoking decreases blood flow to the feet.
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PBRC 2009 25 of 39 Skin Complications Bacterial infections Fungal infections Itching Diabetic Dermopathy Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum Atherosclerosis Allergic Reactions Diabetic Blisters Eruptive Xanthomatosis Digital Sclerosis Disseminated Granuloma Annulare Acanthosis Nigricans
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PBRC 2009 26 of 39 Bacterial and Fungal Infections Bacterial infections Many kinds. Styes. Boils. Carbuncles. Inflamed tissues are usually hot, swollen, red, and painful. Treated by antibiotics. Fungal infections Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus. Leads to common fungal infections. Can be treated by medication. Stye Athlete’s foot
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PBRC 2009 27 of 39 Itching and Diabetic Dermopathy Itching Localized. Can be caused by a yeast infection, dry skin, or poor circulation. Occurs often in the lower parts of the legs. Use mild soap with moisturizer, and apply skin cream after bathing to help resolve the issue. Diabetic Dermopathy Changes in the small blood vessels. Looks like light brown, scaly patches. The disorder most often occurs on the front of both legs. The patches do not hurt, open up, or itch. Dermopathy is harmless and does not require treatment.
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PBRC 2009 28 of 39 Atherosclerosis and Allergic Reactions Atherosclerosis Thickening of the arteries Occurs at younger ages. Can lead to skin changes. Skin becomes hairless, thin, cool, and shiny. Affected legs heal slowly when the skin is injured. Allergic Reactions In response to medications, such as insulin or diabetes pills. If you think you are having a reaction to a medication, contact your doctor immediately. Report any rashes, depressions, or bumps around the insulin injection sites immediately.
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PBRC 2009 29 of 39 Diabetic Blisters and Eruptive Xanthomatosis Diabetic Blisters Occurs rarely in individuals with diabetes They can occur on the backs of fingers, hands, toes, feet, and on legs or forearms. They are sometimes large and resemble burn blisters. Painless and with no redness around them, they often heal themselves within 3 weeks. The only treatment is to bring blood sugar levels under control. Eruptive Xanthomatosis This is a condition caused by diabetes that is out of control. Consists of firm, yellow, pea-like enlargements in the skin. The disorder usually occurs in young men with type 1 diabetes. Like diabetic blisters, these bumps disappear when diabetes control is restored.
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PBRC 2009 30 of 39 Digital Sclerosis and Disseminated Granuloma Annulare Digital Sclerosis Consists of tight, thick, waxy skin on the back of the hands. The finger joints become stiff and can no longer move the way they should. Rarely, knees, ankles, or elbows also get stiff. Happens to about 1/3 of people with type 1 diabetes The only treatment is to bring blood sugar levels under control. Disseminated Granuloma Annulare Consists of sharply defined ring-shaped or arc-shaped raised areas on the skin. Rashes most often occur on parts of the body far from the trunk (i.e., ears or fingers), but sometimes the raised areas occur on the trunk. Contact your doctor when rash appears. Certain drugs can help clear up the condition.
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PBRC 2009 31 of 39 Acanthosis Nigricans Acanthosis Nigricans This is a condition in which tan or brown raised areas appear on the sides of the neck, armpits, and groin. Usually strikes people who are overweight. The best treatment is to lose weight. Some creams can help the spots look better.
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PBRC 2009 32 of 39 Gastroparesis and Diabetes Due to nerve damage that control the stomach. Leads to poor muscle control of the stomach and intestines. Movement of food is slowed or stopped. Signs and symptoms: Heartburn Nausea Vomiting of undigested food An early feeling of fullness when eating Weight loss Abdominal bloating Erratic blood glucose (sugar) levels Lack of appetite Gastroesophageal reflux Spasms of the stomach wall *These symptoms may be mild or severe, depending on the person.*
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PBRC 2009 33 of 39 Complications of Gastroparesis Gastroparesis makes it harder to manage blood glucose. Slower digestion can result in: Bacterial overgrowth due to fermentation Food can harden into solid masses called bezoars that may cause nausea, vomiting, and obstruction of the stomach Bezoars can be dangerous if they block the passage of food into the small intestine.
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PBRC 2009 34 of 39 Treatment of Gastroparesis The most important treatment goal for diabetes-related gastroparesis is to manage your blood glucose levels as well through the usage of:
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PBRC 2009 35 of 39 Depression Consult your doctor to eliminate any physical cause for your depression. Poorly controlled diabetes can cause depression like symptoms: High or low blood sugar during the day can make you feel tired or anxious Low blood sugar levels can also lead to hunger and eating too much Low blood sugar n the night could disturb sleep High blood sugar in the night can lead to frequent urinating and then feeling tired throughout the next day
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PBRC 2009 36 of 39 Conclusions There are many potential complications of diabetes. Complications can be minimized with good blood glucose control. Discuss any developments with the physician immediately.
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PBRC 2009 37 Division of Education Reviewed by: Beth Kalicki Edited : 10/ 2009 Division of EducationPhillip Brantley, PhD, DirectorPennington Biomedical Research CenterClaude Bouchard, PhD, Executive Director Heli J. Roy, PhD, RD
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PBRC 2009 38 of 39 The Pennington Biomedical Research Center is a world-renowned nutrition research center. Mission: To promote healthier lives through research and education in nutrition and preventive medicine. The Pennington Center has several research areas, including: Clinical Obesity Research Experimental Obesity Functional Foods Health and Performance Enhancement Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Nutrition and the Brain Dementia, Alzheimer’s and healthy aging Diet, exercise, weight loss and weight loss maintenance The research fostered in these areas can have a profound impact on healthy living and on the prevention of common chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis. The Division of Education provides education and information to the scientific community and the public about research findings, training programs and research areas, and coordinates educational events for the public on various health issues. We invite people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in the exciting research studies being conducted at the Pennington Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. If you would like to take part, visit the clinical trials web page at www.pbrc.edu or call (225) 763-3000.
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PBRC 2009 39 of 39 References All information used was obtained from: American Diabetes Association http://www.diabetes.org Copyright, 2009 PBRC # PPT29