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Medical Imaging PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Radiology and Imaging, which is titled "Medical Imaging", to get an overview of various medical imaging/ treatment techniques.

Tags : Radiology, Imaging, Medical Imaging, overview, treatment techniques

Published on : Jul 28, 2021 | Views : 2694 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

Overview of various medical imaging/ treatment techniques Quiz Electricity
Slide 2-

Why use medical imaging?
Slide 3-

Medical Imaging/treatment Radiation Diagnostic X-ray, CT (Computed Tomography), PET (Positron Emission Tomography), LINEAC (Linear Accelerator) Non-ionising MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), Ultrasound/Sonography (Sound wave), Endoscope (light)
Slide 4-

X-ray Machines
Slide 5-

X-ray machines – X-ray Photon Energy
Slide 6-

X-ray machines – Anode Tungsten Hi Atomic number High melting point High-conducting ability
Slide 7-

X-ray machines – Anode A target for high-voltage electrons from the filament; thereby becoming the source of the x-ray photons. Conducts the high voltage from the Cathode back into the circuit.
Slide 8-

X-ray machines – Anode The purpose of the cathode is to conduct a high voltage to gap between cathode and anode. Flow of electrons from cathode to anode.
Slide 9-

X-ray machines – Anode Tungsten – is the target surface is where the high speed electrons are attracted from the filament are suddenly stopped. Braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation"
Slide 10-

X-ray machines – X-ray production  X rays are produced by 2 forms of electron interaction with the tungsten target. Bremsstrahlung Characteristic Photons
Slide 11-

X-ray machine - Filtration The bremsstrahlung photons generated within the target material are attenuated as they pass through typically 50 microns of target material. The beam is further attenuated by the aluminum or beryllium vacuum window. The results are an elimination of the low energy photons, 1 keV through l5 keV, and a significant reduction in the portion of the spectrum from 15 keV through 50 keV. The spectrum from an x-ray tube is further modified by the filtration caused by the selection of filters used in the setup.
Slide 12-

X-ray machines – Image
Slide 13-

X-ray machines – Image
Slide 14-

X-ray machines – Image
Slide 15-

CT (Computed Tomography) Computed axial tomography (CAT) Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation
Slide 16-

CT (Computed Tomography) Tomography Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two- dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation
Slide 17-

Tomography Reconstruction
Slide 18-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a positron-emitting radionuclide
Slide 19-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) When a positron is emitted by a nucleus, it almost instantly finds an electron and the pair annihilates, converting all the mass energy of the two particles into two gamma rays each at 511kev. The two gamma ray photons possess momentum, and the conservation of momentum requires that they travel if opposite directions. A simultaneous detection of gamma ray photons in two detectors places the source on a line between those detectors.
Slide 20-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Slide 21-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Radionuclide, placed on a chemical - glucose. Patient fasts for 12 hours so body is starved from energy. When injected glucose will concentrate to more active cells, as patient lying still glucose will to cancer cell. Cancer cells are more active than normal cells as they are rapidly dividing.
Slide 22-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Fuse PET scan with CT scan. Some PET scanners have CT scanners also
Slide 23-

PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
Slide 24-

Ultrasound/ Sonography Diagnostic imaging technique used for visualizing subcutaneous body structures including tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and internal organs for possible pathology or lesions Uses sound waves to produce an image
Slide 25-

Doppler effect The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession. Is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave.
Slide 26-

Doppler effect
Slide 27-

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Medical imaging to visualize detailed internal structures. MRI makes use of the property of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to image nuclei of atoms inside the body. Uses the varying magnetic properties of atoms to produce an image
Slide 28-

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Slide 29-

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Slide 30-

Endoscopy Means looking inside Typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope
Slide 31-

Endoscopy igid Endoscope is solid metal tube with a series of lens inserted in the tube lexible Endoscope, the principle optical component is either a plastic or glass fibre bundle for delivery of the image, plus additional fibres for the light.
Slide 32-

X-ray Quiz Name 2 types of imaging techniques that use radiation and 2 that don't. When a patient is due to undergo a PET scan they are injected with a radionuclide. What is emitted from the radionuclide? What reaction takes place after? How does a CT scan obtain an image that is a slice?
Slide 33-

X-ray Quiz A 1. Name the device used to obtain the images. B C D
Slide 34-

X-ray Quiz Ultrasound work below human hearing frequency T/F? PET scan are a relatively quick procedure T/F? Ultrasound cannot travel through 2 mediums in the body what are they? There are white area black areas on an X- ray image are showing variation in what? What is the main principal behind an MRI machine and the subject being investigated?
Slide 35-

X-ray Quiz  Organise these in terms of flow from electron source to X-ray. Start to finish. Key terminology Characteristic Photon, Patient, Anode, Tungsten Target, Film, Filament, Cathode, Bremsstrahlung, Scatter Filter, Casset.
Slide 36-

X-ray Quiz 1. Cathode, Filament, Tungsten Target, Anode, Bremsstrahlung, Characteristic Photons, Patient, Scatter Filter, Cassette, Film.
Slide 37-

Thank You