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Local and Regional Anesthesia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "LOCAL/REGIONAL ANESTHESIA".

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about regional anesthesia and local anesthesia. Regional anesthesia and local anesthesia are two different types of anesthesia that can be used to numb a specific area of the body before a medical procedure.

Local anesthesia is a type of anesthesia that is injected directly into the tissues to numb a specific area. It is typically used for minor procedures, such as dental work or small skin biopsies. Local anesthesia can also be applied topically to the skin, as with numbing cream.

Regional anesthesia, on the other hand, involves numbing a larger area of the body by injecting anesthetic near the nerves that supply that area. Examples of regional anesthesia include spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, and nerve blocks. Regional anesthesia is commonly used for more extensive surgical procedures, such as joint replacements or cesarean sections.

Tags : regional anesthesia, local anesthesia, Anesthesiology

Published on : Mar 16, 2023 | Views : 1592 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

LOCAL/REGIONAL ANESTHESIA SFC Shrader
Slide 2-

Advantages/Disadvantages of Regional and Local Anesthesia.
Slide 3-

advantages patient remains conscious maintain his own airway aspiration of gastric contents unlikely smooth recovery requiring less skilled nursing care as compared to general anesthesia
Slide 4-

advantages postoperative analgesia reduction in surgical stress earlier discharge for outpatients less expense
Slide 5-

Disadvantages: patient may prefer to be asleep practice and skill is required for the best results some blocks require up to 30 minutes or more to be fully effective analgesia may not always be totally effective-patient may require additional analgesics, IV sedation, or a light general anesthetic
Slide 6-

Disadvantages: toxicity may occur if the local anesthetic is given intravenously or if an overdose is injected some operations are unsuitable for local anesthetics, e.g., thoracotomies
Slide 7-

Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics produce a blockade of nerve impulse by preventing increases in permeability of nerve membranes to Na ions, slowing the rate of depolarization interact directly with specific receptors on the sodium channel, inhibiting sodium influx do not alter the resting membrane resting potential or threshold potential
Slide 8-

Selection of Local/Regional Anesthetics specific nerves to be blocked onset time or latency required duration of effect
Slide 9-

Systemic Toxicity of Local Anesthetics Drugs-not a great difference in toxicity between equally potent local anesthetics-one of low toxicity when a large dose is required Site of injection-vascular sites lead to rapid absorption accidental I.V. injection is the most common cause of toxicity
Slide 10-

Systemic Toxicity of Local Anesthetics Addition of Epinephrine-causes local vasoconstriction and slows absorption Follow recommended dose
Slide 11-

Signs and Symptoms of Local/Regional Anesthesia Toxicity CNS CV
Slide 12-

Signs/symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) toxicity-- CNS toxicity will be enhanced by acidosis and hypoxia, both of which can occur very rapidly if convulsions appear (when breathing may stop and the excessive muscular activity consumes oxygen stores)
Slide 13-

S/S CNS Toxicity Unconsciousness Generalized convulsions Coma Apnea Numbness of the mouth and tongue, metal taste in the mouth
Slide 14-

S/S CNS Toxicity Light-headedness Tinnitus Visual disturbance Muscle twitching Irrational behavior and speech
Slide 15-

Cardiovascular toxicity slowing of the conduction in the myocardium myocardial depression peripheral vasodilatation usually seen after 2 to 4 times the convulsant dose has been injected
Slide 16-

Prevention and Treatment of Local/Regional Anesthesia Toxicity
Slide 17-

prevention Always use the recommended dose Aspirate through the needle or catheter before injecting the local anesthetic. Intravascular injection can have catastrophic results. If a large quantity of a drug is required, use a drug of low toxicity and divide the dose into small increments, increasing the total injection time always inject slowly (<10 ml/min) and communicate with the pt
Slide 18-

treatment All necessary equipment to perform resuscitation, induction, and intubation should be on hand before injection of local/regional anesthetics Manage airway and give oxygen Stop convulsions if they continue for more than 15 to 20 seconds Thiopental 100 mg to 150 mg IV or Diazepam 5 mg to 20 mg IV