Download Free Medical HIV AIDS and Substance Use Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

HIV AIDS and Substance Use Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : This medical presentation titled ""HIV/AIDS and Substance Use Disorders"" is about HIV/AIDS substance use disorders, explores the connection between HIV and substance use disorders, and lists of its implications for patient care.

Tags : substance, disorders, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV, infection, cells, immune system, AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, HIV Positive, RNA virus

Published on : Apr 23, 2021 | Views : 1839 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

HIV/AIDS and Substance Use Disorders Olivera J. Bogunovic, M.D. State University of New York at Buffalo Alcohol Medical Scholars Program
Slide 2-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 2 Lecture Overview HIV/AIDS Substance use disorders Connection between HIV and substance use disorders Implications for patient care
Slide 3-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 3 Patient: John 40-year old white male presents to ER with: Diarrhea >1 month, thrush, weight loss History: Intravenous heroin user Failed inpatient rehabilitation Labs: CD4 <400
Slide 4-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 4 HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA virus Principally infected cell: CD4 T cell Progressive loss of cell
Slide 5-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 5 Epidemiology >39 million HIV+ ~40,000 persons infected/year (CDC) High-risk populations: Injection drug users: 26% of all infections Homosexual males: 60% of all infections
Slide 6-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 6 HIV Transmission Categories Centers for Disease Control, 2005
Slide 7-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 7 Other HIV Transmission Categories Maternal transmission during childbirth Health workers Blood transfusions Tattoos
Slide 8-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 8 Course of HIV Infection Six stages of infection: Initial Latency Lymphadenopathy Early symptomatic infection AIDS End stage
Slide 9-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 9 Treatment of HIV/AIDS Prevention of HIV transmission Antiretroviral treatment:  immune function  viral replication Treatment of opportunistic infections
Slide 10-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 10 Antiretroviral Medications Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs (zidovudine) Protease inhibitors (saquinavir) Non-nucleoside transcriptase (nevirapine)
Slide 11-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 11 Lecture Overview HIV/AIDS Substance use disorders (SUD) Connection between HIV and substance use disorders Implications for patient care
Slide 12-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 12 Relevant Drugs to HIV/AIDS Opioids Stimulants Amphetamine Cocaine Alcohol
Slide 13-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 13 Substance Use Disorders Misuse = use to get high Abuse = dysfunction in 1+ life areas Dependence = 3+ of 7 criteria Physical dependence Compulsive use/loss of control
Slide 14-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 14 Lifetime Prevalence Opioids Abuse/dependence of heroin <1% Stimulants Amphetamine Abuse/dependence < 2% Cocaine Abuse/dependence 2% Alcohol Abuse or dependence 10-15% men, 8-10% women
Slide 15-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 15 Routes of Administration Injection: highest risk of infection Intranasal Smoking Oral
Slide 16-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 16 Treatment Individual and group psychotherapy Pharmacotherapy Self help groups
Slide 17-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 17 Lecture Overview HIV/AIDS Substance use disorders Connection between HIV and substance use disorders Implications for patient care
Slide 18-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 18 Prevalence High prevalence of HIV in patients with SUD 35% of cocaine users 22% of opioid users High prevalence of SUD in HIV+ patients 25% alcohol dependent 25% use illicit opioids 33% use cocaine
Slide 19-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 19 Drug Use and HIV Transmission Highest risk with intravenous use Increased risk with intranasal use More sexual partners, unsafe sex Associated with alcohol use
Slide 20-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 20 Opioids Affect HIV Course Cause immunosuppression Induce apoptosis  viral replication Co-infection of HIV and other pathogens
Slide 21-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 21 Stimulants Affect HIV Course Cocaine Causes immunosuppression of T-cells  viral replication  brain cells infected  neurotoxicity Amphetamine Similar effect to cocaine Research beginning to accumulate
Slide 22-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 22 Alcohol Affects HIV Course  immune response to HIV infection  viral replication Promotes progression of illness  permeability of blood brain barrier to infectious agents
Slide 23-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 23 Drugs/Alcohol Affect HIV
Slide 24-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 24 Opioids Affect Antiretrovirals Opioids  high risk behavior / noncompliance Drug-drug interactions Methadone levels  with meds Methadone dose adjustment needed  blood levels of meds
Slide 25-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 25 Stimulants Affect Antiretrovirals Cocaine  risk behaviors Resistance to antiretrovirals in 30% due to noncompliance Amphetamine ↑ risk behavior
Slide 26-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 26 Alcohol Affects Antiretrovirals  risk behavior and noncompliance  viral replication  response to antiretroviral medications Impairs pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiretrovirals
Slide 27-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 27 Drugs/Alcohol Affect Meds
Slide 28-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 28 Substance Use and Compliance with Medications Inconsistent outpatient care Noncompliance with medication regimen 44% users vs. 22% non-users Poor social support Methadone maintenance programs better adherence to treatment
Slide 29-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 29 Psychiatric Disorders, HIV & SUD Drugs/alcohol cause & exacerbate psychiatric symptoms Psychiatric symptoms more common HIV+ more sensitive to illicit drugs
Slide 30-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 30 Lecture Overview HIV/AIDS Substance use disorders Connection between HIV and substance use disorders Implications for patient care
Slide 31-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 31 Treatment Guidelines Maximizing care for HIV and SUD Medical treatment Asymptomatic infection: antiretroviral meds Symptomatic infection: treat opportunistic infection
Slide 32-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 32 Treatment Guidelines SUD treatment Reduce HIV risk behavior Harm reduction model Methadone maintenance Syringe exchange programs Mental health treatment
Slide 33-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 33 What About John HIV: treat with antiretrovirals SUD treatment: Consider methadone maintenance Cognitive-behavioral therapy Self-help groups Mental health treatment if indicated
Slide 34-

Copyright Alcohol Medical Scholars Program 34 Summary HIV/AIDS Substance use disorders Connection between HIV and substance use disorders Implications for patient care