Download Free Medical Histopathology and staging of breast cancer PowerPoint Presentation

Histopathology and staging of breast cancer PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : This medical presentation on cancer titled "Histopathology and staging of breast cancer" talks about breast cancer, histopathology of breast cancer, and staging of breast cancer.

Tags : cancer, Histopathology, staging of breast cancer

Published on : Apr 28, 2021 | Views : 1964 | Downloads : 5

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Histopathology and staging of breast cancer Prof T J Stephenson
Slide 2-

Physiological conditions Pregnancy and lactation Gynaecomastia Involution
Slide 3-

ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4-

ppt slide no 4 content not found
Slide 5-

Fibrocystic change Adenosis Fibrosis Cysts Epithelial hyperplasia (+/- atypia) Apocrine metaplasia
Slide 6-

ppt slide no 6 content not found
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

ppt slide no 8 content not found
Slide 9-

Inflammatory conditions Acute mastitis Abscess Duct ectasia Fat necrosis
Slide 10-

Benign tumours Fibroadenoma Adenoma Intraduct papilloma Connective tissue neoplasms
Slide 11-

Fibroadenoma Commonest benign tumour Biphasic Very characteristic clinico-pathological features
Slide 12-

← Circumscribed lesion Epithelium and stroma →
Slide 13-

Intraduct papilloma Middle aged women Blood stained nipple discharge from large ducts Typical papillary structures with fibrovascular cores
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

Histological risk factors
Slide 16-

Lobular carcinoma in situ 6% of breast malignancies Premenopausal Impalpable Up to ⅓ develop invasive cancer if only biopsied Equal risk in both breasts, unless PLCIS which behaves like DCIS
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

Ductal carcinoma in situ Mass / Paget’s / discharge / screening Different histological types / grades All have slightly different characteristics
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

ppt slide no 20 content not found
Slide 21-

Risk factors Female gender Cancer in other breast Long interval between menarche and menopause Age at first full-term pregnancy Not breast feeding Obesity and high fat diet Family history Geographical factors Histological risk factors
Slide 22-

Breast cancer 20% of all cancers in women, (second only to lung) Commonest cancer in the UK Commonest cause of death in women 35 – 55 In UK, women have 1:8 lifetime chance of developing it (but 1:33 by 50) 48417 new cases per year (2009) and rising 11556 deaths in UK per year (2010) and falling
Slide 23-

ppt slide no 23 content not found
Slide 24-

ppt slide no 24 content not found
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

Insertion of guide wire
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

ppt slide no 28 content not found
Slide 29-

UK has worst figures
Slide 30-

ppt slide no 30 content not found
Slide 31-

World variations in mortality
Slide 32-

ppt slide no 32 content not found
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

ppt slide no 34 content not found
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

Invasive carcinomas
Slide 38-

Elston/Ellis modification of Bloom and Richardson Grading Detailed Criteria used in Histologic Grade Glandular (Acinar)/Tubular Differentiation Score 1: >75% of tumor area forming glandular/tubular structures Score 2: 10% to 75% of tumor area forming glandular/tubular structures Score 3: <10% of tumor area forming glandular/tubular structures Nuclear Pleomorphism Score 1: Nuclei small with little increase in size in comparison with normal breast epithelial cells, regular outlines, uniform nuclear chromatin, little variation in size Score 2: Cells larger than normal with open vesicular nuclei, visible nucleoli, and moderate variability in both size and shape Score 3: Vesicular nuclei, often with prominent nucleoli, exhibiting marked variation in size and shape, occasionally with very large and bizarre forms Mitotic Count The mitotic count score criteria vary depending on the field diameter of the microscope used by the pathologist. The pathologist will count how many mitotic figures are seen in 10 high power fields. Using a high power field diameter of 0.50 mm, the criteria is as follows: Score 1: less than or equal to 7 mitoses per high power field Score 2: 8-14 mitoses per high power field Score 3: equal to or greater than 15 mitoses per high power field Overall Grade Grade 1: scores of 3, 4, or 5 Grade 2: scores of 6 or 7 Grade 3: scores of 8 or 9
Slide 39-

Spread and Staging Local Intra-cavity Lymphatic Blood stream
Slide 40-

Lymph drainage
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

TNM definitions Primary tumor (T): TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0: No evidence of primary tumor Tis: Carcinoma in situ; intraductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma in situ, or Paget's disease of the nipple with no associated tumor. Note: Paget's disease associated with a tumor is classified according to the size of the tumor. T1: Tumor 2.0 cm or less in greatest dimension T1mic: Microinvasion 0.1 cm or less in greatest dimension T1a: Tumor more than 0.1 but not more than 0.5 cm in greatest dimension T1b: Tumor more than 0.5 cm but not more than 1.0 cm in greatest dimension T1c: Tumor more than 1.0 cm but not more than 2.0 cm in greatest dimension T2: Tumor more than 2.0 cm but not more than 5.0 cm in greatest dimension T3: Tumor more than 5.0 cm in greatest dimension T4: Tumor of any size with direct extension to (a) chest wall or (b) skin, only as described below. Note: Chest wall includes ribs, intercostal muscles, and serratus anterior muscle but not pectoral muscle. T4a: Extension to chest wall T4b: Edema (including peau d'orange) or ulceration of the skin of the breast or satellite skin nodules confined to the same breast T4c: Both of the above (T4a and T4b) T4d: Inflammatory carcinoma*
Slide 43-

TNM definitions Regional lymph nodes (N): NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed (e.g., previously removed) N0: No regional lymph node metastasis N1: Metastasis to movable ipsilateral axillary lymph node(s) N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral axillary lymph node(s) fixed to each other or to other structures N3: Metastasis to ipsilateral internal mammary lymph node(s) Pathologic classification (pN): pNX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed (not removed for pathologic study or previously removed) pN0: No regional lymph node metastasis pN1: Metastasis to movable ipsilateral axillary lymph node(s) pN1a: Only micrometastasis (none larger than 0.2 cm) pN1b: Metastasis to lymph node(s), any larger than 0.2 cm pN1bi: Metastasis in 1 to 3 lymph nodes, any more than 0.2 cm and all less than 2.0 cm in greatest dimension pN1bii: Metastasis to 4 or more lymph nodes, any more than 0.2 cm and all less than 2.0 cm in greatest dimension pN1biii: Extension of tumor beyond the capsule of a lymph node metastasis less than 2.0 cm in greatest dimension pN1biv: Metastasis to a lymph node 2.0 cm or more in greatest dimension pN2: Metastasis to ipsilateral axillary lymph node(s) fixed to each other or to other structures pN3: Metastasis to ipsilateral internal mammary lymph node(s)
Slide 44-

TNM definitions Distant metastasis (M): MX: Presence of distant metastasis cannot be assessed M0: No distant metastasis M1: Distant metastasis present (includes metastasis to ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes)
Slide 45-

ppt slide no 45 content not found
Slide 46-

Prognosis PI = 0.2(cm size) + grade (1, 2 or 3) + LN stage* (1, 2 or 3) LN stage: 1 = not involved 2 = 1 – 3 nodes involved 3 = 4 or more nodes involved or level 3
Slide 47-

Prognosis