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Stem Cells and the Immune System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Influenza (Flu), which is titled "Stem Cells and the Immune System", to know about Stem Cells and the Immune System.

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Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 57 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Stem Cells and the Immune System
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Immune suppression and tolerance
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Natural killer cells
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Brainstorm Why do organisms contract diseases? What happens when an organism contracts a disease? What factors can help (or hinder) the likelihood that we will contract a disease? What happens when an organism is injured? What factors can help (or hinder) the likelihood that we will recover from an injury?
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Natural Killer cells
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Basic Organization and Function of the Immune System The immune system is the body’s response to disease and injury Nonspecific response (innate immunity) Specific response (acquired immunity) T-cell (part of the specific immune response)
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Nonspecific response Exterior barriers Skin Mucous membranes Secretions
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Nonspecific response Involves myeloid leukocytes (including all phagocytic cells) such as macrophages Participate in the inflammatory response to injury or disease Mast cells also involved Proteins (cytokines) signal between cells inflammation mast cell protein
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Specific Response Antigen-antibody relationship (acquired immunity) Vaccinations depend on this Involves lymphocytes (B, T and plasma cells) T-cells, made visible by fluorescent dye Model of an antibody
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Immune suppression and tolerance
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Lymphocyte development Origin, Lineage, Functions Gettyimages Conceptualization of a lymphoid progenitor cell
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Originates in bone marrow Rich supply of hematopoietic stem cells Asymmetric cell division (one daughter stays in bone marrow ) Lymphoid and Myeloid lineage cells begin and are released from here Differentiation into lymphoid stem cells in the bone marrow General B cells mature in the bone marrow Differentiation into lymphoid stem cells in the thymus General T cells mature in the thymus
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Play “The Cell is Right” to learn about the blood tree
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Migration Migration of mature general B and T cells to secondary lymphoid organs: Lymph nodes Spleen Tonsils External body surfaces (intestinal, respiratory, urinary, reproductive)
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Immune suppression and tolerance
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Immune activation and response Antigen-antibody binding Structure, location and function of antibodies 1. Tag and disable antigen 2. Alert T cells, macrophages, leukocytes of presence What triggers these cells to respond?
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Cell response B cells: recognize antigens, proliferate and produce specific antibodies. Differentiate into plasma cells- to produce more antibodies Differentiate into memory cells- keep antibodies in supply for activation from second encounter by same antigen
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B cells recognize antigens, Differentiate into plasma cells- produce more antibodies Differentiate into memory cells- keep some for later proliferate, and produce specific antibodies.
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Cell response T cells: recognize and destroy tagged antigens and proliferate Cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen on plasma membrane of target cells and directly destroy the cells Helper T cells activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells and macrophages Remaining cells can respond to secondary exposure
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Cytotoxic T cell binds to antigen on plasma membrane of target cells and directly destroy the cells
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Helper T cells activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells and macrophages
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Today’s lecture Brainstorm Basic organization and function of the immune system Lymphocyte development Immune activation and response Immune suppression and tolerance
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Why do stem cell transplants fail? Immune issues impact stem cell therapies Major Histocompatibility Complex is a person’s combination of cell surface proteins that lymphocytes use to tell “self” from “non-self” Allogeneic transplants fail because there isn’t a match, and lymphocytes destroy the non-self cells
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Immune tolerance research Currently, transplant recipients need immune suppression - giving drugs for long periods of time to the patient Dulls the immune response to non-self Increases susceptibility to disease Immune tolerance: the future? Antigen-specific immune tolerance would use drugs on the cell transplant to make them tolerogenic
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Future of Immunotherapy Play video of Jeffrey Bluestone, UCSF