Genetic and Hereditary Cancers in Children

Genetic and Hereditary Cancers in Children PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Genetic and Hereditary Cancers in Children: Understanding Risks and Prevention
Hereditary cancers account for approximately 5–10% of all childhood cancers, resulting from genetic mutations passed down through families. This presentation, “Genetic and Hereditary Cancers in Children,” focuses on understanding the causes, identifying risks, and providing effective management strategies for pediatric cancers with a genetic basis.
Explore key hereditary syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Retinoblastoma, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), and Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), and learn about the associated genetic mutations and cancer types. The presentation emphasizes the critical role of family history analysis, genetic testing, and early surveillance in improving outcomes for high-risk children.
Additionally, the presentation delves into the psychosocial impact of hereditary cancers on families, highlighting the importance of genetic counseling and emotional support. It also covers advancements in research, including the use of CRISPR for gene editing and personalized medicine to tailor treatments for hereditary cancers.
By educating healthcare professionals, families, and caregivers, this presentation advocates for early detection, prevention, and innovative care approaches to reduce cancer risks in children and improve their quality of life.
Take proactive steps toward addressing hereditary cancers and ensure a brighter, healthier future for children.

Tags : Pediatric oncology, genetic cancers, hereditary cancers, childhood cancer, genetic mutations, cancer risk, cancer prevention, genetic counseling, pediatric cancer

Published on : Dec 03, 2024 | Views : 335 | Downloads : 0

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Genetic and Hereditary Cancers in Children Understanding Genetic Predisposition and Management Dr. Vineeta Bose Oncologist & Hematologist
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What are Genetic and Hereditary Cancers? Genetic Cancers: Caused by mutations in DNA that may or may not be inherited. Hereditary Cancers: Result from inherited genetic mutations passed down from parents. 5–10% of pediatric cancers are hereditary. Speaker Notes: Highlight the difference between genetic mutations (acquired during life) and hereditary mutations (inherited). Emphasize that hereditary cancers represent a small but significant portion of childhood cancers. Reference: American Cancer Society (2021). What Causes Cancer in Children?
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Common Hereditary Syndromes in Pediatric Oncology Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: Mutation in TP53 gene. Associated cancers: sarcomas, brain tumors, and leukemia. Retinoblastoma: Mutation in RB1 gene. Associated with eye tumors. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): Mutation in APC gene. Risk of colorectal cancer. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): Mutation in NF1 gene. Associated with neurofibromas and gliomas. Speaker Notes: Discuss key hereditary syndromes and their cancer risks. Retinoblastoma is a hallmark hereditary cancer in children. Reference: Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (2015). The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer.
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How Genetic Mutations Cause Cancer Types of mutations: Germline mutations: Inherited and present in every cell. Somatic mutations: Acquired during a lifetime. Common pathways: Loss of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., TP53, RB1). Activation of oncogenes (e.g., MYC). Multistep process of tumorigenesis. Speaker Notes: Explain how germline mutations set the stage for cancer predisposition and how somatic mutations often trigger tumor development. Reference: Knudson, A. G. (1971). Mutation and Cancer: Statistical Study of Retinoblastoma.
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Diagnosis of Hereditary Cancers Family History: Multiple relatives with cancer. Early onset cancers in the family. Genetic Testing: DNA sequencing to identify germline mutations. Testing for specific syndromes like TP53, BRCA, or RB1 mutations. Screening Programs: Early and regular surveillance for children with a family history of cancer. Speaker Notes: Genetic counseling is a key step before genetic testing to help families understand risks and outcomes. Reference: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). (2021). Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment.
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Management and Surveillance Regular surveillance for early detection: MRI, ultrasounds, and blood tests depending on cancer risk. Preventive measures: Prophylactic surgeries (e.g., colectomy in FAP). Lifestyle and environmental modifications. Family-centered care: Emotional and psychological support. Long-term follow-up care. Speaker Notes: The goal is to detect cancers early, when they are most treatable, and to provide emotional support to families managing hereditary risks. Reference: Plon, S. E., et al. (2008). Genetic predisposition to cancer in children.
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Psychosocial Impact Emotional challenges: Anxiety about cancer risk. Impact on quality of life. Communication barriers within families. Importance of counseling: Genetic counseling. Psychosocial support for patients and families. Speaker Notes: Emphasize that dealing with hereditary cancers is emotionally challenging for both children and their families, and support is a key part of care. Reference: Zierhut, H. A., et al. (2018). Genetic Counseling for Families with Hereditary Cancer Risk.
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Advances in Research Gene therapy: Potential for repairing or replacing faulty genes. CRISPR: Editing mutations like TP53 or RB1. Liquid biopsies: Early detection through circulating tumor DNA. Personalized medicine: Tailoring treatments based on genetic profiles. Speaker Notes: Discuss how recent advancements in genomics and technology are shaping the future of hereditary cancer management. Reference: Mukherjee, S. (2017). The Gene: An Intimate History.
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Preventive Strategies Genetic counseling for families with hereditary cancer history. Awareness programs for early symptom recognition. Family-wide genetic testing. Lifestyle interventions to minimize additional risks: Healthy diet. Avoiding known carcinogens (e.g., smoking). Speaker Notes: Prevention focuses on reducing the impact of hereditary cancer risks and empowering families to take proactive measures. Reference: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). (2021). Preventive Oncology Guidelines
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Key Takeaways Hereditary cancers in children result from germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Early detection and regular surveillance significantly improve outcomes. Advances in genetic testing, research, and counseling are improving care and providing hope.
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Thank You