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Female Reproductive System PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Obstetrics & Gynecology, which is titled "Female Reproductive System", to know about the parts of the female reproductive system and the function of each part.

Tags : Obstetrics, Gynecology, Female Reproductive System, function

Published on : Jul 18, 2021 | Views : 2841 | Downloads : 7

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1 Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive System
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2 Objectives Objectives After studying this chapter you will be able to: Name the parts of the female reproductive system and discuss the function of each part Define combining forms used in building words that relate to the female reproductive system Identify the meaning of related abbreviations Name the common diagnoses, clinical procedures, and laboratory tests used in treating the female reproductive system
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3 Objectives Part 2 Objectives cont'd List and define the major pathological conditions of the female reproductive system and discuss the function of each part Explain the meaning of surgical terms related to the female reproductive system Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating the female reproductive system
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4 Structure and Function Structure and Function The Female Reproductive System Functions to: Produce female sex cells (ova) in the ovaries or gonads Move the ova to the site of fertilization Nurture fertilized ova until birth Uterine tube Ovary Uterus Urinary bladder Symphysis pubis Urethra Clitoris Labia minora Labia majora Vagina Fimbriae Cervix Rectum Vagina Anus
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5 Path of an Egg Structure and Function Path of an Egg in the Ovarian Cycle Ovaries release the eggs cyclically from the graafian follicle The fertilized egg is transported to the uterus where it develops into an embryo At the end of gestation the infant is born through the vagina or surgically through the abdomen in a Cesarean delivery Ovary Egg Uterine tube Uterus If not fertilized If fertilized Expulsion through menstruation Implantation
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6 The Female Breast Structure and Function The Female Breast Also called mammary glands. It is an accessory organ of the female reproductive system Provides milk to nurse the infant (lactation) after birth Consists of mammary glands and ducts The dark-pigmented area surrounding the nipple is called the areola Rib Adipose tissue Mammary glands Lactiferous duct Mammary duct
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7 Reproductive Organs Structure and Function Reproductive Organs Ovaries Two small solid oval structures Located in the pelvic cavity Produce ova and secrete female hormones At birth most female ovaries contain between 200,000 to 400,000 immature ova (oocytes) in each ovary
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8 Uterus Structure and Function Uterus Consists of three layers -Outer layer (perimetrium) -Middle layer (myometrium) -Inner layer (endometrium) Is about 3 inches long The ovum, fertilized or not, will end up in the uterus. If fertilization does not occur, the ovum will be released along with the endometrium during menstruation. If fertilization does occur, the ovum will attach to the endometrium where it will be nourished for the duration of gestation (about 40 weeks).
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9 Movement of an Oocyte Structure and Function Movement of an Oocyte During the Female Cycle Fertilization Egg cell Secondary oocyte Beginning of implantation 8-cell stage 4-cell stage 2-cell stage Ovulation Egg nucleus Sperm nucleus Sperm cells
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10 External Genitalia Structure and Function External Genitalia Known collectively as the vulva Consists of the: -mons pubis -labia majora -labia minora -clitoris -perineum Bartholin’s glands secrete a fluid into the vagina and is located in the space between the labia minora Clitoris Urethral orifice Hymen Bartholin’s glands (duct orifices) Labia majora Labia minora Vaginal orifice Perineum Anus
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11 Hormones and Cycles Structure and Function estrogen progesterone prolactin oxytocin Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) Hormones and Cycles
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12 Sample 28-Day Cycle Structure and Function Sample 28-Day Cycle LH FSH FSH LH Developing ovum Ovulation Breaking down of ovum Days 1 7 14 21 28 Uterine activity Estrogen Progesterone Estrogen Progesterone Thickness of endometrium Build-up to ovulation Ovulation Post-ovulation period Menstruation Menstruation
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13 Preventing Fertilization Structure and Function Preventing Fertilization At the point of ovulation, fertilization can be prevented with contraception. Forms of Contraception Condom Intrauterine device (IUD) Spermicide Diaphragm Rhythm method NOTE: High doses of estrogen and progesterone can prevent ovulation.
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14 Fertilization Structure and Function Fertilization As a result of sexual intercourse (coitus), fertilization may occur. Pregnancy gravida para umbilical cord amniotic fluid chorion afterbirth
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15 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (amni) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Combining Form Meaning amni(o) cervic(o) colp(o) episi(o) galact(o) gynec(o) hyster(o) amnion cervix vagina vulva milk female uterus
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16 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (lact) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Combining Form Meaning lact(o) mamm(o) mast(o) men(o) metr(o) oo oophor(o) milk breast breast menstruation uterus egg ovary
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17 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (ov) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Combining Form Meaning ov(i) ovari(o) perine(o) salping(o) uter(o) vagin(o) vulv(o) egg ovary perineum fallopian tube uterus vagina vulva
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18 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (AB) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning AB AFP AH CIS CS C-section CX abortion alpha-fetoprotein abdominal hysterectomy carcinoma in situ cesarean section cesarean section cervix
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19 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (D&C) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning D&C DES DUB ECC EDC EMB ERT dilation and curettage diethylstilbestrol dysfunctional uterine bleeding endocervical curettage expected date of confinement endometrial biopsy estrogen replacement therapy
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20 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (FHT) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning FHT FSH G gyn HCG HRT HSG fetal heart tones follicle-stimulating hormone gravida (pregnancy) gynecology human chorionic gonadotropin hormone replacement therapy hystersalpingography
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21 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (HSO) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning HSO IUD LH LMP multip OB OCP hysterosalpingoophorectomy intrauterine device luteinizing hormone last menstrual period multiparous obstetrics oral contraceptive pill
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22 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (P) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning P Pap smear PID PMP PMS para (live births) papanicolaou smear pelvic inflammatory disease previous menstrual period premenstrual syndrome
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23 Combining Forms & Abbreviations (primip) Combining Forms and Abbreviations Abbreviation primip TAH-BSO TSS UC Meaning primiparous total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy toxic shock syndrome uterine contractions
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24 Diagnostic, Procedural & Laboratory Terms Diagnostic, Procedural, and Laboratory Terms Gynecologists are physicians who diagnose and treat disorders of the female reproductive system. An obstetrician diagnoses and treats both normal and abnormal pregnancies and childbirth.
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25 Vaginal & Cervical Examinations Diagnostic, Procedural, and Laboratory Terms Examination of the Vagina and Cervix Papanicolaou Smear -gathers cells from the cervix to detect cervical and vaginal cancer -speculum is used Colposcopy -a lighted instrument used to examine the cervix and vagina Other Examinations Hysteroscopy -use of a lighted instrument to examine the interior of the uterus Culdoscopy -use of an endoscope to examine the contents of the pelvic cavity
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26 Mammography Diagnostic, Procedural, and Laboratory Terms Mammography X-ray of the breast, used to screen for breast cancer Recommended age differs based on family history, physical condition and the recommending body (AMA, ACS, and NIH)
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27 Pregnancy Test Diagnostic, Procedural, and Laboratory Terms Pregnancy Test A blood or urine test to detect human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Also can be detected by palpation of the uterus during an internal examination by the gynecologist or obstetrician. Fertility Test Hysterosalpingography is an examination of the uterus and uterine tubes following the injection of a contrast medium.
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28 Pathological Terms Pathological Terms The premature end of a pregnancy is called abortion. Types of abortions Habitual abortion Spontaneous abortion Missed abortion Pregnancy Complications ectopic pregnancy abruptio placentae placenta previa preeclampsia Rh incompatibility breech presentation
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29 Pathological Terms Part 2 Pathological Terms Menstrual Abnormalities Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Menorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Menometrorrhagia Metrorrhagia Absence of menstruation Painful cramping Excessive menstrual bleeding Scanty menstrual flow Irregular and excessive bleeding during or between periods Bleeding between periods
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30 Pathological Terms Part 3 Pathological Terms Inflammatory and Infectious Conditions Cervicitis Mastitis Salpingitis Vaginitis Toxic Shock Syndrome Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases Syphilis Gonorrhea Herpes II Human papilloma virus Chlamydia HIV/AIDS Trichomoniasis
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31 Surgical Terms Surgical Terms Surgical Procedures Salpingotomy -incision into one of the fallopian tubes Tubal Ligation -method of female sterilization Cryosurgery -using cold temperatures to destroy tissue Cauterization -using hot temperatures to destroy tissue Surgical Removal Conization -removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix Aspiration -type of biopsy in which fluid is removed from the breast Hysterectomy -removal of the uterus Myomectomy -removal of fibroid tumors Mastectomy -removal of a breast
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32 Pharmacology Pharmacology Birth Control Agents Birth control pills Implants Abortifacients Hormonal Agents Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Oxytocin Note: A tocolytic agent stops labor contractions
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33 Apply Your Knowledge Apply Your Knowledge Which of the following structures is responsible for releasing the mature ova during ovulation? A. uterus B. fallopian tubes C. ovaries Answer: C. ovaries
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34 Apply Your Knowledge Part 2 Apply Your Knowledge The uterus consists of three linings. Which lining is shed monthly during menstruation? A. endometrium B. perimetrium C. myometrium Answer: A. endometrium
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35 Apply Your Knowledge Part 3 Apply Your Knowledge Margaret is about to give birth to her third child. She has been pregnant four times. Which of the following would correctly describe her pregnancy history? A. gravida 3 para 4 B. gravida 3 para 3 C. gravida 4 para 3 Answer: C. gravida 4 para 3
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36 Apply Your Knowledge Part 4 Apply Your Knowledge The presence of the HCG hormone in the blood or urine would indicate which of the following conditions? A. cervical cancer B. pregnancy C. onset of menstruation Answer: B. pregnancy