Download Free Medical Drugs For Peptic Ulcer Emesis and Reflux Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

Drugs For Peptic Ulcer Emesis and Reflux Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Drugs for peptic ulcer, emesis and reflux disorders” by Dr. Rishi Pal.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about types of drugs used for peptic ulcer, emesis, and reflux disorders.

Peptic ulcer, emesis, and reflux disorders are all related to the digestive system and can cause discomfort and pain for individuals who experience them.

A peptic ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach or the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. Peptic ulcers are usually caused by a bacterial infection or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Symptoms of peptic ulcers can include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.

Emesis, also known as vomiting, is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. Emesis can be caused by a variety of factors including illness, motion sickness, pregnancy, and certain medications. Symptoms of emesis can include nausea, abdominal discomfort, and dehydration.

Reflux disorders, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occur when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Reflux disorders can cause symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.

Tags : peptic ulcer, emesis, reflux disorders, Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Apr 26, 2023 | Views : 1254 | Downloads : 4

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Drugs for peptic ulcer, emesis and reflux disorders Dr. Rishi Pal Assistant Professor
Slide 2-

Physiology of gastric secretion Stomach secretes 2-3 liters of gastric juice /day. Chief/peptic cells secrete pepsinogen. Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete acid and IF. Superficial epithelial cells secrete alkaline mucus and bicarbonates.
Slide 3-

ppt slide no 3 content not found
Slide 4-

ppt slide no 4 content not found
Slide 5-

Regulation of gastric acid secretion Ach Histamine Gastrin prostaglandin-E2 Phases of gastric acid secretion Basal, cephalic and hormonal Membrane bound proton pump (H+) K+ ATPase
Slide 6-

Peptic ulcer Damage to the mucosa and deeper tissue exposed to acid and pepsin is known as peptic ulcer. Causes of peptic ulcer :- H. pylori infection Use of NSAIDS Stress
Slide 7-

Classification of the drugs used in peptic ulcer Drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion Proton pump inhibitors: omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole. H2-receptor antagonists: cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, roxatidine,nizatidine Antimuscarinic agents (anticholinergics): pirenzepine, telenzepine Prostaglandin analogs: misoprostol, enprostil.
Slide 8-

Anti-peptic ulcer drugs Ulcer protective sucralfate, and bismuth subcitrate (CBS) Drugs that neutralize gastric acid (antacids) a) Systemic antacids: sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate. b) Non systemic antacids: magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.
Slide 9-

Anti-peptic ulcer drug Anti- H. pylori drugs Amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tinidazole, bismuth subsalicylate, H2-antagonists and PPIs.
Slide 10-

Proton pump inhibitors Proton pump, K+-ATPase membrane bound enzyme play an important role in the final step of gastric acid secretion (basal and stimulated). Omeprazole is the prototype drug: these are prodrugs and activated to sulfenamide at acidic pH. Activated form binds covalently with SH group of H+ pump and irreversibly inactivates it. PPIs administered orally 30 min. before meal. Half life short (1.5 hr), acid secretion suppressed for upto 24 hr.
Slide 11-

Enteric coated form or powder containing sodium bicarbonate. i.v. formulations available for esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabiprazole. They are highly bound to plasma proteins; extensively metabolized in liver and metabolites secreted in urine.
Slide 12-

Therapeutic uses of PPIs 1. Peptic ulcer disease Duodenal ulcer disease Gastric ulcer Acute bleeding ulcer H. pylori-associated ulcer Stress ulcers (curling ulcers) NSAIDs induced ulcers 2. Gastroesophegial reflux disease (GERD) 3. Zollinger’-Ellison syndrome.
Slide 13-

Adverse effects of PPIs Headache, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Skin rashes and arthralgia. May decrease vit B12 absorption Increase rate of infection and fracture of bones. Drug interactions: omeprazole can inhibit metabolism of phenytoin, warfarin, diazepam. PPIs decreases bioavailability of itraconazole, iron salts, etc
Slide 14-

H2-Receptor antagonists Mechanism of action: Competitively block H2 receptors on parietal cells. Suppress all phases of acid secretion. Most effective in suppressing nocturnal acid secretion. Less potent than PPIs.
Slide 15-

ppt slide no 15 content not found
Slide 16-

Administered orally and well absorbed. Metabolized in liver. Cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine available for i.v. administration Nizatidine has high bioavailability (100%)
Slide 17-

Therapeutic uses of H2 blockers Peptic ulcer disease Duodenal ulcer disease Gastric ulcer Acute bleeding ulcer H. pylori -associated ulcer Stress ulcers (curling ulcers) NSAIDs induced ulcers 2. Gastroesophegial reflux disease (GERD) 3. Zollinger’-Ellison syndrome.
Slide 18-

Anticholinergic agents Pirenzepine Telenzepine Selective M1-receptor blocker Inhibit acid secretion Not commonly used because of their low efficacy and anticholinergic effects.
Slide 19-

Prostaglandin analogues Misoprostol effective orally for prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced duodenal ulcers. Inhibit gastric acid secretion. Increase bicarbonate and mucus secretion. Common side effects: Diarrhoea and abdominal cramps. Containdicated in pregnancy
Slide 20-

Ulcer protective Sucralfate : it is complex aluminum hydroxide and sulphated sucrose. Polymerized to form sticky gel that adheres to the ulcer base and protects it. Form barrier against acid-pepsin.
Slide 21-

Increase mucus-bicarbonate secretion. Given orally empty stomach. Reduced absorption of digoxin, tetracyclines, ketoconazole, fluoroquinolones. etc. Concurrent use of PPIs, H2 blocker should be avoided.
Slide 22-

Bismuth containing preparation Bismuth salisylates and colloidal bismuth subcitrate. React with protein in the base of ulcer and protect it from peptic digestion. Stimulates secretion of PGE2, mucus and bicarbonate. Anti-microbial effects against H. pylori.
Slide 23-

Drugs that neutralized gastric acid Ideal antacids Insoluble and neutralize acid Should not liberate CO2 Non-absorbable Should not disturb acid-base balance
Slide 24-

Types of antacids Systemic: sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate Non systemic: magnesium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, aluminum hydroxide gel and calcium carbonate.
Slide 25-

Antifoaming agents Methylpolysiloxane Oxethazaine Sodium alginate
Slide 26-

Anti H. pylori agents Gram negative, rod shaped bacteria associated with gastritis, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Cause mucosal inflammation Ammonia produced by urease activity damage cells.
Slide 27-

Combination therapy To prevent or delay development of resistant organism. Prevent relapse Promote rapid ulcer healing Eradicate H. pylori infection Treatment for 1 or 2 weeks required
Slide 28-

Triple therapy x 14 days Lansoprazole 30 mg BD+ clarithromycin 500 mg BD + Amoxicillin 1 g BD Quadruple therapy x 14 days lansoprazole 30 mg BD + bismuth subsalicylate 525 mg QID + tetracycline 500 mg QID + Metronidazole 500 TDS After completion of above regimen, PPIs should be continued for six more weeks.
Slide 29-

Emetics and antiemetics pathways
Slide 30-

Emetics and antiemetics Mechanism of vomiting Pregnancy, infection, drugs, radiation, painful stimuli, motion sickness, metabolic and emotional disturbances. Neurotransmitters involved Ach, histamine,5HT and dopamine.
Slide 31-

Emetics Mustard Common salt Ipecac Apomorphine Used for certain poisoning cases
Slide 32-

Contraindications for emetics Emetics Children Unconscious patient Corrosive and caustic poisoning CNS Poisoning Kerosene poisoning
Slide 33-

Antiemetics Classification of antiemetics Anticholinergics: scopolamine, dicycloamine Antihistamines (H1-blockers): dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, cyclizine,meclizine, hydroxyzine,promethazine,doxylamine, cinnarizine 5HT3-receptor antagonists: ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron
Slide 34-

Antiemetics Prokinetic agents: metoclopramide, domperidone Neuroleptics: chlorpromazine, fluphenazin, prochlorperazine, haloperidol Cannabinoids: dronabinol Adjuvant antiemetics: glucocorticoids, benzodiazepines
Slide 35-

Anticholinergics as antiemetic Scopolamine for motion sickness, it blocks afferent impulses from vestibular apparatus to the vomiting center by its anticholinergic action. Its sedative effects also contributes for its antiemetic effect. Scopolamine not effective in other types of vomiting.
Slide 36-

Antihistamine H1 blocker as antiemetic Motion sickness, morning sickness, post operative and other types of vomiting. Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, promethazine, cyclizine, meclizine. Have sedative and anticholenergic action. Meclizine has longer duration of action.
Slide 37-

5HT3-receptor antagonist as antiemetic Ondensetron is prototype drug Granisetron, dolasetron,palanosetron. Blockade of 5HT3 receptor on vagal afferent in the gut also block 5HT3 receptors in CTZ & STN. Used for anticancer drug-induced nausea and vomiting, effective in hyperemesis of pregnancy, postoperative and post radiation vomiting but not effective in motion sickness.
Slide 38-

5HT3 receptor antagonist
Slide 39-

Prokinetic drugs Drugs promote coordinated movements of upper GIT and hasten gastric emptying are called prokinetic drugs. Metoclopramide: D2 receptor antagonist Have central and peripheral action. Enhance release of Ach from myentric neurons. Used in GERD
Slide 40-

Mechanisms
Slide 41-

Prokinetic effects
Slide 42-

Neuroleptics Prochlorperazine Used for vomiting due to systemic infection, drugs, uraemia. Cannabinoids: dronabinol used for cancer chemotherapy Adjuvant antiemetics: glucocorticoids, benzodiazepines.
Slide 43-

Anti emetics