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NEPHROTIC SYNDROME PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : CHILD HEALTH NURSING PPT NOTES FOR STUDENTS

Tags : RENAL DISORDERS,DISORDERS

Published on : Apr 23, 2023 | Views : 1804 | Downloads : 8

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Slide 1-

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
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DEFINITION It is clinically defined as a state of characterized by protenuria , hypoalbuminaemia , hyperlipidemia and edema.
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INCIDENCE 2 to7 per 100,000 children per year. Male: female= 2:1 Adolescent ratio= 1:1
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ETIOLOGY: Primary cause. - Idiopathic - Congenital Secondary cause - Systemic diseases - Malignancies
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TYPES OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome Secondary nephrotic syndrome Congenital nephrotic syndrome Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome 1. Minimal change disease 2. Mesangial Proliferation 3. Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Renal glomerular damage Albumin and proteins leak through the membrane and are lost in urine Massive proteinuria Hypoproteinemia Hypovolemia Hyperlipidemia Edema
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Weight gain Anasarca Puffiness of the face Edema Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and intestinal absorption Volume of urine is decreased Skin pallor Irritable, fatigued, or lethargic Muercke Susceptible to infection
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DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History Physical examination Laboratory investigation Blood Investigation Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, and other blood routine Urinalysis Proteinuria Increased specific gravity Renal Biopsy
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THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES To reduce the excretion of urinary protein To maintain a protein-free urine Prevention or treatment of acute infection Control of edema Establishment of good nutrition Readjustment of any disturbed metabolic processes GENERAL MEASURE Bed rest Appropriate antibiotics DIET Allowed regular diet High-protein intake, salt is restricted, water is seldom restricted
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CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY Prednisone
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT THERAPY Cyclophosphamide or Chlorambucil
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DIURETICS Loop diuretics – furosemide in combination with metolazone
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NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT Daily monitoring of intake and output Daily weight checking, abdominal girth Assessment of edema Vital signs Skin care Recreational therapy Family support and home care Psychological support
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PROGNOSIS Ultimate recovery is mostly good MCNS is a self-limiting disease Early detection