Download Free Medical Basic Anatomy and Physiology of The Eye PowerPoint Presentation

Basic Anatomy and Physiology of The Eye PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE” by Essam Osman, MD.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the eye, a complex organ that plays a vital role in vision. It is made up of several structures that work together to allow us to see.

This presentation provides a basic anatomy and physiology of the eye.

Tags : eye, Cornea, Iris, Pupil, Lens, Retina, Optic nerve, Vitreous humor, Sclera, Choroid, Conjunctiva, Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1986 | Downloads : 2

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EYE Essam Osman, M.D. Professor & Consultant ophthalmologist Glaucoma unit
Slide 2-

ANATOMY
Slide 3-

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE EYE This highly specialized sensory organ is derived from neural ectoderm, mesoderm and surface ectoderm. The eye is essentially an outgrowth from the brain (neural ectoderm). Started as Optic vesicle connected to the forebrain by Optic stalk.
Slide 4-

DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE AFTER BIRTH At birth, the eye is relatively large in relation to the rest of the body. The eye reaches full size by the age of 8-13 years. The lens continues to enlarge throughout the life. The iris has a bluish color due to little or no pigment on the anterior surface. During early infant life, the cornea & sclera can be stretched by raised IOP → enlargement of the eye.
Slide 5-

ppt slide no 5 content not found
Slide 6-

Where is the eye located ?
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

THE ORBIT As a socket, contains & protect the eye. The weakest parts are the floor & the medial wall. Seven bones contribute the bony orbit. Surrounded by nasal sinuses. Important openings are: Optic foramen. Superior orbital fissure. Inferior orbital fissure.
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

THE EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES Four recti & two oblique muscles. All are supplied by Oculomotor n. except superior oblique (Trochlear n.) & lateral rectus (Abducent n.).
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

ppt slide no 12 content not found
Slide 13-

Innervation & action of eye muscles: WHK CUHK 98 midline elevation depression adduction (medial rotation) abduction (lateral rotation) intorsion extorsion
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

MUSCLES ACTIONS
Slide 16-

IO SR MR IR Innervation & action of eye muscles: (3 n.) midline
Slide 17-

Direction to look SO Down and in IO Up and in SR Up +/- out IR Down +/- out Hence for clinical test: (Field of Action)
Slide 18-

Globe Anatomy Or limbus
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

ppt slide no 20 content not found
Slide 21-

CONJUNCTIVA Three parts: Bulbar conjunctiva. Palpebral conjunctiva. Forniceal conjunctiva. The stroma (no adenoid tissues until 3 months after birth). Follicles & Papillae. Injection and chemosis.
Slide 22-

Palpebral conjunctiva
Slide 23-

ppt slide no 23 content not found
Slide 24-

THE EYE (GLOBE) Two spheres with different radii: - Cornea, window of the eye. - Sclera, opaque shell. *** The eye measures approximately 21-24 mm in all its main diameters.
Slide 25-

The coats of the eye *** Three layers: The outer: inelastic coat, transparent cornea and opaque sclera. The middle, vascular coat, The Uvea: choroid, ciliary body and iris. The inner: The Retina, extends forwards to within 6 mm of the limbus.
Slide 26-

ppt slide no 26 content not found
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

ppt slide no 28 content not found
Slide 29-

Cornea It has 5 layers. 500 -530 micron in thickness. Transparent Avascular Regularly arranged collagen fibers. Layers of cornea 1-epthelium 2-BM 3-stroma 4-DM 5-endothelium
Slide 30-

The Chambers of The Eye ***Three optically clear spaces: The anterior chamber, in front of the iris The posterior chamber, immediately behind the iris. These two chambers which communicate through the pupil are filled with clear aqueous humour. The vitreous cavity: filled by gel-like structure, The Vitreous. ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SEGMENT
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

ppt slide no 32 content not found
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

Iris & Pupil
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

The Lens The crystalline lens is the only structure continuously growing throughout the life. Changeable refractive media. Capsule, epithelium and lens fibers. Congenital anomalies and effect of systemic diseases. Cataract.
Slide 37-

ppt slide no 37 content not found
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

ppt slide no 39 content not found
Slide 40-

cataract
Slide 41-

Retina and Vitreous Vitreous attachment. Optic nerve head, macula, fovea, retinal background, Ora serrata, and retinal vasculature. Effect of systemic diseases. Retinal detachment.
Slide 42-

ppt slide no 42 content not found
Slide 43-

ppt slide no 43 content not found
Slide 44-

ppt slide no 44 content not found
Slide 45-

ppt slide no 45 content not found
Slide 46-

ppt slide no 46 content not found
Slide 47-

ppt slide no 47 content not found
Slide 48-

Optic Nerve contains around 1.2 million nerve fibers, which are axons of the retinal ganglion cells. 1 mm in the globe. 25 mm in the orbit. 9 mm in the optic canal. 16 mm in the cranial space Partial decussation occurs and about 53% of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts.
Slide 49-

ppt slide no 49 content not found
Slide 50-

The Visual Pathway Visual Pathway: Three neurons 1. Bipolar cell, lies within the retina. 2. Ganglion cell, synapse in lateral geniculate body. 3. Third neuron terminates in visual cortex.
Slide 51-

ppt slide no 51 content not found
Slide 52-

THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS
Slide 53-

THE LACRIMAL APPARATUS Lacrimal gland secrets tears into the upper fornix of the conjunctival sac which are spread over the surface of the cornea as a tear film by blinking of the lids. Tears accumulate at the inner canthus and drain into the lacrimal sac via the puncta & canaliculi. The sac is continuous inferiorly with the nasolacrimal duct which opens into the nasal cavity just beneath the inferior turbinate.
Slide 54-

ppt slide no 54 content not found
Slide 55-

ppt slide no 55 content not found
Slide 56-

ppt slide no 56 content not found
Slide 57-

Lacrimal Apparatus Tear secretion. Layers of precorneal tear film. Drainage of tear.
Slide 58-

Optics of the Eye The eye is like a camera. Light must have a clearly pathway to be clearly focused on the sensory receptors of the retina, i.e., Clear cornea, anterior chamber, lens and vitreous cavity. The Refractive power of the eye is about 58 - 62 diopters.
Slide 59-

ppt slide no 59 content not found
Slide 60-

Optics of the Eye (cont.) The cornea is the major refracting element of the eye with a power of approximately 40 diopters. If the curvature is greater in one meridian than the other→ Astigmatism. The refractive power of the lens is about 17-21 diopters at rest. Accommodation able to change the power of the lens markedly depends on age.
Slide 61-

ppt slide no 61 content not found
Slide 62-

The Intraocular Pressure The pressure within the eye is maintained at a steady level by continuous formation & drainage of aqueous. Aqueous is secreted by the ciliary epithelium → posterior chamber → anterior chamber (through the pupil ) → drained through the anterior chamber angle. The intraocular pressure, (IOP), is normally 10 – 21 mmHg; increased IOP ocular hypertension . High IOP almost always due to an obstruction of aqueous outflow.
Slide 63-

VISION The retina: - The central retina contains yellow pigment, Xanthophyll, the so called macula lutea ( yellow spot). - It is divided into retinal pigment epithelium & neurosensory retina. - Photoreceptors contains visual pigment which consists of a large protein (opsin) attached to retinal (vitamin A aldehyde).
Slide 64-

VISION (cont.) Light splits the opsin from the retinal with initiation of a graded electrical potential → Transmitted through the visual pathway to be processed in the visual cortex (occipital lobe) → vision sense. Visual Pathway: Three neurons 1. Bipolar cell, lies within the retina. 2. Ganglion cell, synapse in lateral geniculate body. 3. Third neuron terminates in visual cortex.
Slide 65-

ppt slide no 65 content not found
Slide 66-

Summery The socket that contains the eye called ----- ORBIT the orbit is formed by ………….. Bones. Seven The optic nerve pass through Optic foramen or canal
Slide 67-

Summery The eye has ……….. Extraocular muscles Six ……… Recti and ……… obliques. 4 2 All extraocular muscles are supplied by ……….except Oculomotor nerve except SO4 and LR6 When we test a patient 4th nerve we should ask him to look ….. Down and in
Slide 68-

Summery The space that lies behind the cornea & in front of the iris called……….. Anterior chamber. The fluid that fills the chambers of the eye called…… Aqueous humors The cavity that lies behind the lens called……. Vitreous cavity
Slide 69-

Summery The main refractive structure in the eye is …. The cornea The second refractive structure in the that can change its power The lens The structure that determines the color of the eye is The iris when the lens get opacified this condition called cataract
Slide 70-

Summery The central part of the retina called The macula The central part of the macula called Fovea The central part of the fovea called foveola
Slide 71-

Summery The optic nerve lies in …… part of the retina Nasal The percentage of the decussating fibers is 53%
Slide 72-

Thank you
Slide 73-

ppt slide no 73 content not found