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Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Influenza (Flu), which is titled "Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases", to know about the Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases.

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Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 4327 | Downloads : 22

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Slide 1-

Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Health Education Unit # 3 Lesson # 1
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Communicable Diseases Communicable Disease – A disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment. Pathogen – An organism that causes disease. Infection – A condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply and damage body cells.
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Definitions of Pathogens Define the following terms on page 629 in your text: Virus: Two of the most common communicable diseases – the cold and the flu – are caused by viruses. A virus is a piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Bacteria: Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth. Fungi: Plantlike organisms that cause diseases of the lungs, the mucous membranes and the skin.
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Viral Infections Common cold Influenza Viral Pneumonia Polio Mononucleosis Measles Viral meningitis Chicken Pox Rabies Smallpox West Nile Disease Viral STD’s Herpes HIV HPV
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Bacterial Infections Bacterial food borne illness Strep Throat Tuberculosis Diphtheria Lyme disease Pinkeye Bacterial pneumonia Bacterial meningitis Tetanus STD’s Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis
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Fungus Infectious Athlete’s foot Ringworm Vaginal yeast infection
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Diseases by type of pathogen Communicable Diseases
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VIRUSES POLIO Polio is a crippling and potentially fatal infectious disease. There is no cure, but there are safe and effective vaccines. In the late 1940s to the early 1950s, in the United States alone, polio crippled around 35,000 people each year making it one of the most feared diseases of the twentieth century. By 1979 the country became polio free. ~ CDC
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Measles Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be very serious or even fatal. It begins with a fever that lasts for a couple of days, followed by a cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). A rash starts on the face and upper neck, spreads down the back and trunk, then extends to the arms and hands, as well as the legs and feet. After about five days, the rash fades in the same order it appeared. ~ Department of Health
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BACTERIA Strep Throat
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LYME DISEASE
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LYME DISEASE
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PINKEYE
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PINKEYE
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FUNGI Athlete’s Foot
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RINGWORM
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Parasites (Mosquitos/MALARIA Nets In Dormitories
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RICKETTSIAS Typhus
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted: Direct Contact: You can pick up pathogens by direct contact with an infected person or animal: includes kissing, biting, sexual contact, sneezing and coughing. A pregnant woman may also transmit an infection to her unborn child through the placenta.
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Indirect Contact: Can be transmitted indirectly, without being close to an infected person. Example include:
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Contaminated Objects: Someone sneezes on the table, cold viruses can be transmitted to you if you touch the table, then you touch your mouth or nose.
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How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted: Vectors/Parasites: An organism such as a tick, which carries and transmits pathogens to human and animals. TICK
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Water and Food: Careless handling and storage of food are sources of contamination and illness, ex. Salmonella. Airborne Transmission: Pathogens from a cough or sneeze may float in the air, ex. Chicken pox, TB, influenza.
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Preventing diseases What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease? Using your text on page 626 list four other strategies that can limit the spread of a communicable disease.
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Other Ways to Prevent Diseases Maintain / receive proper Vaccinations Avoid sharing personal items Handle/ prepare food properly Eat more healthy Get enough sleep Exercise Avoid Tobacco and drugs Safer Sex Proper cold etiquette
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The body & Preventing Communicable diseases Health Education Lesson # 2
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Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases The Three Lines of Defense Against Infection: First Line: PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL BARRIERS: Protect against a wide variety of invaders: Saliva, Tears, Mucus (Boggiers) Eye lashes, nose hair, stomach acid, vaginal acid and bacteria, urine, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, labia, eyelids, etc…
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Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases Second Line: INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE: A reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. Ex. It can be swelling, redness or warmth. Phagocyte: a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens – phagocytes engulf the invading pathogens and destroy them using chemicals.
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Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases
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Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases Third Line: Immune System – A network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fight pathogens. Ex. Lymphocytes – a specialized white blood cell that performs many functions of specific immunity B-cells – produce an antibody that attaches to foreign pathogens and destroys them. T-cells: Helper T-cells – trigger the production of killer t-cells and b-cells. Killer T-cells – destroy the infected body cell.
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Preventing / Fighting Communicable Diseases
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Define the following terms in your text Pg. 631: Active and Passive Immunity Active Immunity: Immunity your body develops to protect you from disease. Ex. Naturally acquired active immunity develops when you are exposed to antigens from pathogens. A vaccine is artificially acquired active immunity. Passive Immunity: Receiving antibodies form another person or an animal. This is very much short lived immunity (weeks to months). Ex. Mother to child during pregnancy or nursing.
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Stages of Disease: Stage One: Incubation Stage: Period between the time the pathogen enters your body and the time you begin to feel sick. Lasts 2 days to 2 weeks
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What Is happening in Stage One? Body = No outward symptoms The body has recognized a pathogen has entered and is searching for it Sending out scouts to find and report back Pathogen = Low in numbers Weak in strength Trying to hide and get stronger
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2nd Stage of Disease: Prodromal Stage: Most contagious stage The person does not feel sick enough to stay away from others. Develop mild symptoms: Sore throat, dripping Slight fever General aches & pains Fatigue
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Stage 2 what going on Body = Mild symptoms such as sore throat, aches Has received information on the pathogen and is making antibodies (making war material) White blood cells are beginning to fight the pathogens (first wave of fighter like the marines)
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Stage 2 what going on Pathogen = Has spread rapidly in the body Has increased in both strength and numbers Is aggressively attacking the body, destroying cells and taking larger areas of the body
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3rd Stage of Disease: Illness Stage: Infection reaches it’s peak. Doctor (Body) is able to identify the cause of the disease, based on your symptoms. Your immune system has become fully involved in fighting the infection. All components are being used
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3rd Stage of Disease Body = The immune system has deployed all of its defenses in full attack of the invading pathogen Multiple cells are involved to provide the best fight surrounding and battling the invader Defending forces are the highest available Therefore you are extremely tired due increased WBC’s and decreased RBC count (why on next slide)
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Why are you so tired when you are sick? Blood is made up of three parts: Plasma = 55% - watery portion of palettes and other substances Red Blood Cells = 44% - the workers they transport O2 and remove waste (these cells are stored when sick to allow WBC’s to do their work) WBC’s = <1% disease fighters raise to about 20% when sick Therefore it would be like taking a 100 person workforce and reducing it to around 50-60 and expect to do the same amount of work. Not happening!!!
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3rd Stage of Disease Pathogen = The pathogen is now decreasing in size, on the retreat and giving up the areas it once occupied The weaker pathogens are taken down first, strongest are still fighting
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4th Stage of Disease: Recovery Stage: The time when a disease is finally overcome by the body’s defenses. Your body is in a weakened state. Relapse can occur: this is a return of the infection. Relapse can cause death due to the fact the body is weak and it is fighting the strongest pathogens that are left. EXTREMELY important to take antibiotics completely and to rest even when you start to feel better. This is the most vulnerable stage of you are in during this fight. Opportunistic diseases can become a problem.
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4th Stage of Disease Recovery stage Your Body = Has been fighting the pathogen and depending on the potency of the specific pathogen you will have more or less strength It will take some time to rebuild the necessary white defenses and to replace the White Blood Cells with the Red Blood Cells
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4th Stage of Disease Pathogen = Either completely defeated and body has immunity to it in the future or: Strongest pathogen take over body restart the cycle in the Prodromal stage and will be more difficult to defeat. May cause death to a weaker person such as infant, immune deficient adult or elderly person
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NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Lesson # 3
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Non-Communicable Diseases Non communicable Disease: A disease that is not transmitted by another person, or a vector, or from the environment. Certain habits and behaviors can either increase or decrease the risk of these diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases: A disease that affects the heart, blood, or blood vessels.
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Define the following terms Using your text starting on page 674: Hypertension Atherosclerosis Angina Pectoris Arrhythmias Heart Attack Stroke
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Vocabulary Hypertension (high blood pressure) can be lowered with medication, weight management, physical activity, and proper nutrition most common among people over the age of 35 normal range: 120/80 often called the “silent killer”- having no symptoms in early stages
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Vocabulary Atherosclerosis A build up of fatty materials in your arteries narrows the arteries, making the heart work harder.
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Vocabulary Cardiovascular Diseases: Angina- chest pains caused by lack of oxygen Arrhythmias- irregular heartbeat
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Vocabulary Heart attack- caused by blockages of arteries, damage to the heart muscle.
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Vocabulary Stroke- arterial blockage that disrupts the flow of blood in the brain. Congestive Heart Failure- heart no longer pumps efficiently.
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Vocabulary Cholesterol: HDL: high density lipoprotein (good) HDL cholesterol levels range from 40 to 50 mg. In the average woman, they range from 50 to 60 mg. LDL: low density lipoprotein (bad) causes atherosclerosis Less than 100 mg Optimal
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RISK FACTORS FOR CVD’S Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure- have it checked periodically High Cholesterol- eat less high-fat foods Physical Inactivity Excess Weight Stress Drug and Alcohol Use Heredity Gender Age The health behaviors that you practice now are affecting your cardiovascular system! CONTROLLABLE UNCONTROLLABLE
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WARNING SIGNS OF A HEART ATTACK & STROKE: Heart stops because heart is overworked: Left arm goes numb Sweating Skin is pale or clammy Chest pain Unconscious Shortness of breath Breathing difficulty Blood supply to the brain is cut off: Confusion Headache Dizziness Sweating Pale and/or redness Balance is thrown off HEART ATTACK STROKE
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Quick Evaluation for Stroke The F.A.S.T. Acronym F = Facial drooping or muscle weakness A= Arm muscle or range of motion loss S= Change in speech patterns T=Time, medicine must be given in the first 6 hours for it to be effective
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NON COMMUNICABLE Diseases Lesson # 4
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Non communicable Diseases Cancer: A group of diseases characterized by an uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells. Using your text on page 681 define the following terms: Tumor Benign Malignant
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Vocabulary Tumor: An abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Benign – noncancerous; if you’re benign your fine! Malignant – cancerous
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Risk Factors There is no known cause of cancer. Genetics – family history Environment – food, water, soil, air Lifestyles choices – sexual activity, drinking, smoking, drugs What is a Carcinogen??? Carcinogen: A cancer causing substance. Tobacco use Alcohol use Illegal drug use Sexually transmitted disease Radiation – ultraviolet rays from the sun Dietary factors
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How can you reduce your risk of Cancer?? Practice abstinence Be physically active Maintain healthy weight Eat nutritious foods Protect your skin from the sun Avoid tobacco, drugs, and alcohol Recognize warning signs of cancer What type of cancer is most common in the US? SKIN CANCER
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Warning Signs of Skin Cancer Asymmetrical: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole that does not produce matching halves. Border: Noncancerous moles have smooth edges, suspect moles often have irregular edges. Color: Be cautious of moles that are intensely black. Diameter: anything over 10 mm should be removed and checked.
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Methods to Prevent Skin Cancer: Sun block- SPF 15 or greater Avoid sun from noon until around 3pm Wear light clothing Wear a hat with a wide brim Wear sunglasses with UV Protection Do not go indoor tanning- (it’s also bad for night vision)
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Warning Signs of Cancer: Change in bowel habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in mole Nagging cough or hoarseness