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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Neurology, which is titled "Histology of the nervous system", to know about the histology of the nervous system.

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Published on : Aug 23, 2021 | Views : 3851 | Downloads : 10

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Slide 1-

Histology of the nervous system 1
Slide 2-

Brain Nerves Ganglia Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) Spinal cord 2 The nervous system
Slide 3-

Ependymal cell Cerebrospinal fluid Neurons Astrocyte Perivascular feet Microglia Oligodendrocyte Capillary Myelin (cut) Neuroglia of the central nervous system 3
Slide 4-

Complete the following table 4 Practice
Slide 5-

Axon Myelin sheath Schwann cell Nucleus Basal lamina Neurilemma Endoneurium A Schwann cell of the PNS 5
Slide 6-

A neuron Dendrites Soma (Cell body) Axon Node of Ranvier Internodes Axon terminals Axon hillock Myelin sheath Schwann cell Axon collateral Direction of signal transmission 6
Slide 7-

A neuron; ID the indicated structures 7 Practice
Slide 8-

Nissl bodies Axon hillock Nissl bodies, stained masses of rough ER 8
Slide 9-

Axon of presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Mitochondria Synaptic cleft Synaptic knob Microtubules of cytoskeleton Synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter Neurotransmitter receptor Neurotransmitter release Structure of a chemical synapse 9
Slide 10-

Axon of presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron Microtubules of cytoskeleton Neurotransmitter receptor Neurotransmitter release A chemical synapse; ID the indicated structures 10 Practice
Slide 11-

Axon terminal; Neuromuscular junction Motor nerve fibers Muscle fibers 100 m Neuromuscular junction (LM) 11
Slide 12-

Ascending tracts Descending tracts Tract and cross section of the spinal cord Gray matter (clusters of cell bodies) White matter (due to myelination), composed mostly axons Ganglion (cell bodies found in the PNS); Posterior root ganglion Tracts (bundles of axons found in the CNS; carry signals from one part of the CNS to another) 12
Slide 13-

Sensory (afferent) nerve fibers: carry nerve impulses toward the CNS Posterior root Anterior root Spinal cord Anterior root Motor (efferent) nerve fibers: carry nerve impulses away from the CNS To spinal cord Spinal nerve (mixed nerve) containing sensory and motor fibers Posterior root ganglion Epineurium Blood vessels Posterior root ganglion Sensory pathway Motor pathway Somatosensory neurons To peripheral receptors and effectors Direction of signal transmission 13 Anatomy of a ganglion
Slide 14-

Epineurium Fascicle Perineurium Endoneurium Spinal nerve Blood vessels 14 Anatomy of a nerve
Slide 15-

Spinal nerve Blood vessels 15 Anatomy of a nerve; ID the indicated structures Practice
Slide 16-

Fascicle Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium Nerve fiber Blood vessels A cross section of a nerve (SEM) 16
Slide 17-

Ex. 15 Gross anatomy of the brain 17
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Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Central sulcus Longitudinal fissure Parietal lobe Cerebral hemispheres Surface anatomy of the brain, superior view 18
Slide 19-

Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Spinal cord Rostral Caudal Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Gyri Temporal lobe Surface anatomy of the brain, left lateral view, with the brainstem in orange 19
Slide 20-

Postcentral gyrus (Primary somatosensory cortex) Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Lateral sulcus Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Insula Rostral Caudal Central sulcus Precentral Gyrus (primary motor area) Lobes of the cerebrum Parieto-occipital sulcus 20
Slide 21-

Insula Rostral Caudal The cerebrum; ID the indicated structures 21 Practice
Slide 22-

Wernicke area (speech is understood here) Broca area (motor speech region) Precentral gyrus (Primary motor Cortex) Motor association area Prefrontal Cortex (complex reasoning & personality) Olfactory association area Postcentral gyrus (Primary somatosensory cortex Somatosensory association area Primary gustatory cortex Visual association area Primary visual cortex Primary auditory cortex Auditory association area Functional regions of the cerebral cortex 22
Slide 23-

Motor association area Olfactory association area Primary gustatory cortex Visual association area Primary visual cortex Primary auditory cortex Auditory association area Functional regions of the cerebral cortex; ID the indicated structures 23 Practice
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Ventral view of sheep brain-01         Required structures are checked.  24
Slide 25-

Ventral view of sheep brain-02 Required structures are checked.           25
Slide 26-

Structures in bold and underlined are required. 1—Cerebrum; 2—Cerebellum; 3—Medulla oblongata; 5—Pons; 6—Infundibulum; 7—Mammillary body; 8—Spinal cord; 9—Optic chiasm; 10—Olfactory bulb I—Olfactory N. II—Optic N. V—Trigeminal N. Ventral view of sheep brain-03 Practice 26
Slide 27-

Posterior view of sheep brain-01 27  Required structures are checked.     Midbrain includes superior and inferior colliculi 
Slide 28-

Posterior view of sheep brain-02 Required structures are checked.       Midbrain (superior & inferior colliculi)  28
Slide 29-

Dorsal view of sheep brain-01 Required structures are checked.     29
Slide 30-

Dorsal view of sheep brain-02 Structures in bold and underlined are required. A—Longitudinal fissure; B– Central sulcus; C—Frontal lobe; D—Parietal lobe; E—Occipital lobe; F—Temporal lobe; G—Cerebellum; H—Vermis; I—Medulla oblongata Practice 30
Slide 31-

Sagittal view of sheep brain-01 Required structures are checked.                    31
Slide 32-

Sagittal view of sheep brain-02 Practice—KEY (next slide)   All structures are required except two that are crossed out. 32
Slide 33-

Sagittal view of sheep brain-03 KEY All structures are required except infundibulum & fornix (crossed out).   33
Slide 34-

Lateral ventricles Central canal Lateral aperture Fourth ventricle Third ventricle Median aperture (a) Lateral view Caudal Interventricular foramen Cerebral aqueduct Rostral Ventricles of the human brain, lateral view 34
Slide 35-

Coronal view of sheep brain Structures in bold & underlined are required. 2—Lateral ventricle; 3—Third ventricle; 4—Cerebral aqueduct; 6—Pons; 23—Longitudinal fissure; 24—Cerebral cortex; 25—Cerebral white matter; 26—Choroid plexus 35 Practice
Slide 36-

Cerebrum Corpus callosum Lateral ventricle Thalamus Insula Optic tract Hypothalamus Third ventricle Pituitary gland Internal capsule Caudate nucleus Putamen Subthalamic nucleus Globus pallidus Basal ganglia/nuclei Coronal view of human brain 36
Slide 37-

Cerebral cortex histology   (Triangular shape) (Triangular shape) 37 Required structures are checked.
Slide 38-

Cerebellum histology A Purkinje cell (large & globosely) A Purkinje cell’s dendrites compressed into a single plane like a flat tree. 38
Slide 39-

Ex. 16 Cranial nerves 39 12 pairs of peripheral nerves connected to the base of the brain Originate in or near the brain Functionally they are sensory (three pairs; CN I, II, and VIII), motor, or mixed nerves
Slide 40-

Oh Olfactory (I) Once Optic (II) One Oculomotor (III) Takes Trochlear (IV) The Trigeminal (V) Anatomy Abducens (VI) Final , Facial (VII) Very Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Good Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vacations Vagus (X) Seem Spinal accessory (XI) Heavenly. Hypoglossal (XII) 40 Cranial nerves mnemonic 01
Slide 41-

Old Olfactory (I) Opie Optic (II) Occasionally Oculomotor (III) Tries Trochlear (IV) Trigonometry Trigeminal (V) And Abducens (VI) Feels Facial (VII) Very Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Gloomy, Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vague, Vagus (X) And Accessory (XI) Hypoactive. Hypoglossal (XII) 41 Cranial nerves mnemonic 02
Slide 42-

42 Recite cranial nerves Practice 42
Slide 43-

Cranial nerves: Optic nerve (II) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V) Abducens nerve (VI) Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Accessory nerve (XI) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Vagus nerve (X) Oculomotor nerve (III) Frontal lobe Cerebellum Olfactory tract Temporal lobe Infundibulum Pons Medulla Optic chiasm Spinal cord Olfactory bulb (from olfactory nerve, I) Cranial nerves, base of the brain 43
Slide 44-

Cranial nerves: Frontal lobe Cerebellum Olfactory tract Temporal lobe Infundibulum Optic chiasm Spinal cord Base of the brain; ID the indicated structures 44 Practice
Slide 45-

45 Study Table 16.1 (in the lab manual)– cranial nerves and their functions