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Odontogenic Infection Pathway PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Odontogenic infection pathway".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about odontogenic infections, the infections that originate from the teeth and surrounding tissues. The pathway of odontogenic infection involves several steps:

Dental caries: Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a common cause of odontogenic infection. It occurs when bacteria in dental plaque produce acids that dissolve the enamel and dentin of the tooth.
Pulpitis: If dental caries are not treated, the bacteria can reach the pulp of the tooth, which contains nerves and blood vessels. This can cause inflammation of the pulp, known as pulpitis.
Periapical abscess: If pulpitis is not treated, the inflammation can spread to the surrounding tissues and form an abscess, which is a collection of pus. This is known as a periapical abscess.
Periodontal abscess: In some cases, the infection can spread to the periodontal tissues, which are the tissues that support the teeth. This can cause a periodontal abscess.
Cellulitis: If the infection spreads further, it can cause cellulitis, which is a serious bacterial infection of the soft tissues. This can cause swelling, redness, and pain in the affected area.
Ludwigs angina: In rare cases, the infection can spread to the floor of the mouth and cause Ludwigs angina, which is a potentially life-threatening infection that can obstruct the airway.

In summary, the pathway of odontogenic infection starts with dental caries and can progress to pulpitis, periapical abscess, periodontal abscess, cellulitis, and Ludwigs angina. Early treatment of dental caries and other dental problems can help prevent odontogenic infections from occurring.

Tags : Odontogenic infection, pathway of odontogenic infection, dental, dental PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1022 | Downloads : 2

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Odontogenic infection pathway
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are caused by oral pathogens that inhabit the surface of the teeth and oral mucous membranes and are also found in the gingival sulcus and saliva Odontogenic infections
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Microorganisms ivolved in mixed bacterial infections of the oral cavity
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Nonodontogenic source (secondary infect.) an infection surrounding the oral cavity as the skin, tonsils, ears or sinusitis Dental origin (primary infection) progressive dental caries extensive periodontal disease trauma caused by dental procedures Infection in oral cavity can be:
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Rubor - due to vasodilatation effect of inflammation Tumor - caused by pus accumulation and oedema Calor - caused by accelerated local metabolism Dolor - results from pressure on sensory nerve caused by edema or infection Functio laesa - problems with mastication, trismus, dysphagia, and respiratory impairment Dental infection normally produce the classic signs of infection:
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Spread of dental infection per continuitatem The path of least resistance - by spaces in the head and neck 2. by vascular system 3. by lymphatic system The various pathways of spread with odontogenic infections:
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1. Spread of dental infection per continuitatem
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Spread of apical infection periodontal gap alveolar process
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The type and virulence of the microorganisms involved and the immunological condition influence the degree of spread of infection Infection may be: - localized (abscess) - diffused (infection tends to spread rapidly through the tissues along the line of least resistence into the anatomically demarcated tissue spaces)
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Abscess Periapical - progressive carries, pathogens invade the pulp and spread apically Periodontal - caused by spread from an infected gum (usually in adults) Pericoronal - around an erupting third molar A closed tissue space with supuration from a dental infection
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Local abscess can spread along the anatomically demarcated tissue spaces An barrier is the fascia and the muscle attachments to the bones mylohyoid muscle buccinator muscle
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Vestibular Abscess the roots of all teeth of upper and lower jaw if the roots are localized upon the muscle insertion (lower jaw) or below muscle insertion (upper jaw) abscess perforate bone on the vestibular plate of the alveolar process
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Palatal Abscess the roots of the upper lateral incisors or the first premolars and molars (roots often incline palatally) usually no spraed over palatine raphe
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The submucosal portion of the hard palate contains neurovascular bundle, minor salivary glands a lymfoid tissue the rich innervation of the periosteum - painful ! the course of the palatine artery - bleeding !
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Buccal Space premolars and molars both jaws if the roots are localized above the buccinator muscle insertion (upper jaw) or below insertion (lower jaw) infection spread into the soft tissues of the cheek → along anatomical planes toward the infratemporal or pterygopalatine fossa (pterygomandibular raphe!)
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molars of upper jaws infection may ascend into the cavernous sinus (through venous plexus in the ovale and spinosum foramen), orbita, temporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa Infratemporal Space Infratemporal space
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between the temporal fascia and the temporal bone inferiorly communicate with infratemporal space Temporal Space Temporal space
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Infraorbital Space between the levator anguli oris and the levator labii superioris muscles possible infection via the angular vein → opthalmic vein → spread into the cavernous sinus collateral oedema often includes the upper lip and lower eyelid usually anterior superior teeth, less often the premolars
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Maxillary Sinus occasionally of dental origin, more often by respiratory infection buccal and sometimes palatine root of first or second molar, second premolar that perforate the sinus floor the floor of nasal cavity is infected from the anterior teeth
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Submental Space spread beneath the mylohyoid muscle into the submandibular area mandibular anterior teeth the root of teeth lay below the muscles insertion (mental + depressor labii inf. muscles)
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Submandibular Space the root of teeth lay root apices lay below the buccinator muscle insertion mandibular posterior teeth spread beneath the mylohyoid muscle into the submandibular area
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mandibular posterior teeth Sublingual Space spread to the sublingual space - between the mouth floor and mylohyoid muscle CAVE! Ludwig´s angina spread along submandibular duct into submandibular space
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Ludwig´s angina = the right and left submandibular, sublingual and submental spaces are infected A fulminant infection can spread rapidly to pharyngeal and retropharyngeal space
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Submandibular space Submental space Sublingual space
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Masseteric Space l: parotideomasseteric fascia m: ramus of the mandible s: zygomatic arch i: insertio of the masseter muscle posterior teeth of the lower jaw expand laterally to the pterygomandib. space oedema of the overlying masseter muscle
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Masseteric space
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Pterygomandibular Space infection may spread into infratemporal space carious, partially erupted mandibutal third molar or needle tract infection of anesthetize of inferior alveolar nerve
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Pterygomandibular space Alveolar inferior artery, vein and nerve !
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Lateral Pharyngeal Space peritonsillar infection penetrate the pharyngeal constrictor muscles → lateral pharyngeal space shaped like an inverted pyramid, base at the base of the skull and its apex at the hyoid bone space is divided into prestyloid and poststyloid compartments (by aponeurosis of Zuckerkandl and Testut, joining the styloid process to the tensor veli palatini)
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Lateral pharyngeal space
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Visceral space Visceral Paravisceral Retrovisceral Pretracheal space Prevertebral space The Neck Spaces
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Subcutaneous - between the superficial cervical fascia and platysma Suprasternal - between the superficial and middle cervical fascia Pretracheal Parapharyngeal Retropharyngeal Abscess
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Retropharyngeal abscess
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2. Spread of dental infection by blood system
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Bacteremia - bacteria traveling in the blood Infected thrombus - dislodge from the inner blood vessel wall and travel as an embolus → dural venous sinuses → brain or internal jugular vein → thrombophlebitis In general, veins of the head and neck lack valves, so blood can flow into and out of the cranial cavity !
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Anterior pathway ophtalmic v. infraorb. v. deep facial v. Posterior pathway pterygoid plx. → oval or spinosum for.
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3. Spread of dental infection by lymphatic system Repetition of the 2nd semester
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mylohyoid. dig. g-hyo g-gl st-gl hy-gl Gl. s-li Gl.s-m Sublingual space Submandib. space Submental space Spatium basale intermusculare linguae a. lingualis n. lingualis dct. submand. n. XII.