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Description : Recomendation Breast Cancer Treatment in COVID 19 Pandemic

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Published on : Apr 21, 2020 | Views : 1754 | Downloads : 3

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Breast Surgery in COVID-19 Pandemic Era Journal Reading
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Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary Version 1.0 The COVID-19 Pandemic Breast Cancer Consortium. March 24, 2020
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for patients, clinicians and health care systems. These are recommendations, and are not intended to supersede individual physician judgement, nor institutional policy or guidelines. These recommendations should be taken in the context of each institution’s resources and prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic in their region. The COVID-19 pandemic may vary in severity over time and these recommendations are subject to change with changing COVID-19 pandemic severity.
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Recommendations are broken down into the following priority categories based on patient condition: Priority A: Patient condition is immediately life threatening, clinically unstable. Priority B: Patient situation is noncritical but delay beyond 6–8 weeks could potentially impact overall outcome. Priority C: Patient’s condition is stable enough that services can be delayed for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic
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Table 1. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Outpatient Visits
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Table 2. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Imaging
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Table 3. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Surgical Oncology Priority A Incision and drainage of a breast abscess Evacuation of hematoma Revision of ischemic mastectomy flap Revascularization/revision of autologous tissue flap-autologous reconstruction should be deferred
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Table 3. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Surgical Oncology Priority B (1) Neoadjuvant patients finishing treatment Clinical stage T2 or N1 ER positive/PR positive/HER2 negative tumors*&-some of these patients can receive hormonal therapy Triple negative and HER2 positive patients- In some cases institutions may decide to proceed with surgery versus subjecting a patient to an immunocompromised state, these decisions will depend on institutional resources.
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Table 3. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Surgical Oncology Priority B (2) Reconstructive surgery should be limited to tissue expander or implant placement- autologous reconstruction should be deferred Discordant biopsies likely to be malignant Excision of malignant recurrence Provided that radiation oncology services are available and the risk of multiple visits or deferred radiation is acceptable, eligible patients should have breast conservation. Elective mastectomy with or without reconstruction may be preferred but should be deferred until after the COVID-19 pandemic resolves.
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Table 3. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Surgical Oncology Priority C (1) Excision of benign lesions-fibroadenomas, nodules, etc. Duct excisions Discordant biopsies likely to be benign High risk lesions-atypia, papillomas Prophylactic surgery-for cancer and noncancer
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Table 3. Priorities for Breast Disease Focused Surgical Oncology Priority C (2) Delayed sentinel node biopsy for cancer identified on excisional biopsy ER positive and ER negative DCIS Re-excision surgery Tumors responding to neoadjuvant hormonal therapy Clinical Stage I ER positive/PR positive/Her2 negative cancers-these patients can receive hormonal therapy
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Table 4. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Medical Oncology Priority A Neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy for triple negative and HER2 positive breast cancer Early line chemotherapy likely to improve outcomes in metastatic disease Completion of neo/adjuvant chemotherapy (with or without anti-HER2 therapy) that has already been initiated Continuation of standard adjuvant endocrine therapy with oral agents such as tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors LHRH agonists in the adjuvant or metastatic setting to ensure optimal endocrine therapy
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Table 4. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Medical Oncology Priority B (1) Higher Priority: Use of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy to enable deferral of surgery by 6 to 12 months in clinical stage 1 or 2 breast cancers. Many women with early stage, ER positive breast cancers to not benefit substantially from chemotherapy. In general, these include women with stage 1 or limited stage 2 cancers, particularly those with low-intermediate grade tumors, lobular breast cancers, low OncotypeDX@ scores (<25), or “luminal A” signatures. High level evidence supports the safety and efficacy of 6 to 12 months of primary endocrine therapy before surgery in such women, which may enable the deferral of surgery.
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Table 4. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Medical Oncology Priority B (2) Higher Priority: For HER2 positive breast cancer: Adjuvant antibody treatment for may reasonably be curtailed after 7 months instead of 12 months of treatment, as randomized trials show narrow benefits of longer (12M) durations as compared to shorter durations. Lower Priority: Later line palliative chemotherapy that is less likely to improve outcomes Lower Priority: Antibody treatment (i.e. trastuzumab, pertuzumab) for metastatic, HER2 positive breast cancer beyond two years of maintenance in patients with minimal disease burden (follow for progression every 3-6 months)
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Table 4. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Medical Oncology Priority B (3) In stage 1, HER2 positive breast cancers, clinicians may substitute trastuzumab-DM1 instead of paclitaxel/trastuzumab for patient safety or convenience based on randomized trial data Consider delaying addition of CDK4/6, mTOR, or PIK3CA inhibitors to endocrine therapy, particularly in first-line and/or situations where endocrine-therapy alone is providing effective tumor control
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Table 4. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Medical Oncology Priority C Antiresorptive therapy (zoledronic acid, denosumab) that is not needed urgently for hypercalcemia Follow up imaging, restaging studies and some echocardiograms and ECGs can be delayed or done at lengthened intervals if clinically stable Port flush can go to 12 weeks or longer In carefully selected patients, particularly those with ER positive breast cancer, radiation therapy may be delivered before chemotherapy without compromising long term survival, if this facilitates patient safety.
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Adjusting and Optimizing Treatment Dosing or Scheduling Priority A (1) Chemotherapy schedules may be modified so as to reduce clinical visits (for instance, using 2 or 3 week dosing instead of weekly dosing for selected agents when appropriate. Patients should receive G-CSF growth factor support so as to minimize neutropenia, while dexamethasone use should be limited as appropriate to reduce immunosuppression. Anti-HER2 therapies. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are unlikely to affect immune function and should be safe for patients.
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Adjusting and Optimizing Treatment Dosing or Scheduling Priority A (2) LHRH agonists may be given with long acting, every 3 month dosing, to reduce patient visits or alternatively, home administration of LHRH agonists by patient or visiting nursing may be considered where that is an option. Endocrine therapies. Oral agents used widely in adjuvant or metastatic setting (e.g. tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors) should have no effect on immune function and can be safely continued. Fulvestrant should have no effect on immune function but requires monthly clinical administration.
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Adjusting and Optimizing Treatment Dosing or Scheduling Priority B (1) Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Based on randomized trials, preoperative treatment with an aromatase inhibitor may offer clinical benefit over tamoxifen in postmenopausal women. For premenopausal women, LHRH agonists should be used, and aromatase inhibitors are preferred over tamoxifen. Home administration of LHRH agonists by patient or visiting nursing may be considered where that is an option.
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Adjusting and Optimizing Treatment Dosing or Scheduling Priority B (2) Anti-Her2 therapies. Antibody treatment in metastatic setting may reasonably be liberalized to longer intervals (e.g. 4 weeks) Oral targeting agents (e.g. CDK4/6 inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, PIK3Ca inhibitors). Use of oral targeted agents must be weighed against the increased risk of adverse events which may increase interaction with healthcare centers and staff. Doses may be reduced to optimize tolerability and minimize treatment related toxicities.
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Table 5. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Radiation Oncology Priority A Bleeding/painful inoperable breast mass Patients already on treatment Patients with spinal cord compression, brain metastases, or other critical metastatic lesions
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Table 5. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Radiation Oncology Priority B Category 1: Adjuvant post-operative breast cancer patients within 16 weeks of last surgery or chemotherapy with high risk indications for radiation such as inflammatory disease, node positive disease, triple negative breast cancer, post neoadjuvant chemo with residual disease at surgery, young age (<40) with additional high-risk features Category 2: Adjuvant post-operative breast cancer patients within 3-6 months of last surgery or chemotherapy with low intermediate/intermediate risk indications for radiation, such as age < 65yo and stage I/II luminal cancer, ER+ node negative, ER+ node positive, or positive margins-use of hypofractionation where clinically appropriate is recommended to reduce visits
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Table 5. Priorities for Breast Cancer Focused Radiation Oncology Priority C Patients over age 65-70yo with lower risk Stage I hormone receptor positive/HER2- cancers and taking adjuvant endocrine therapy can be encouraged to defer/omit radiation without affecting overall survival- If patient cannot tolerate endocrine therapy, re-evaluate for radiation depending on individual patient and pathologic factors and current severity of pandemic. Invasive cancers should be prioritized over DCIS. Women with DCIS may omit radiation therapy, especially those with ER positive lesions taking adjuvant endocrine therapy, without affecting overall survival
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Terima Kasih