Download Free Medical Neoplasia II - Invasion Metastasis and Effects of Tumours PowerPoint Presentation

Neoplasia II - Invasion Metastasis and Effects of Tumours PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on cancer titled "Neoplasia II - Invasion, Metastasis and Effects of Tumours".

Tags : Cancer, Neoplasia II, Invasion, Metastasis, Effects, Tumours, Invasive Carcinoma, malignant cells

Published on : May 05, 2021 | Views : 2401 | Downloads : 6

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Leicester Warwick Medical School Neoplasia II Invasion, Metastasis and Effects of Tumours Professor Rosemary A Walker raw14@le.ac.uk Department of Pathology
Slide 2-

WHAT IS INVASION? Ability of cells to break through basement membrane and then spread. Into surrounding tissue In-Situ Carcinoma Invasive Carcinoma In lymphatic/vascular channels Characteristic of malignant cells
Slide 3-

HOW DO CELLS INVADE AND SPREAD? Complex mechanism involving various factors. Malignant cells do not adhere (stick) to the same extent as normal cells Malignant cells show a change in their interaction with surrounding stroma Factors produced that help cells spread (“scatter factor”) Altered synthesis of enzymes that breakdown basement membrane and stroma
Slide 4-

ALTERED CELL ADHESION CADHERINS are calcium dependent glycoproteins present at cell membrane. They interact between cells, and within each cell with the actin cytoskeleton through catenins, maintaining polarity. Reduced expression and alterations in interactions in cancer cells, allowing cells to move apart.
Slide 5-

ALTERED CELL ADHESION INTEGRINS are cell surface glycoproteins composed of two subunits. They are receptors for different components of the basement membrane eg. fibronectin. Reduced expression of integrins in malignant cells modifies the contact between the cell and stroma allowing movement.
Slide 6-

ALTERED ENZYME SYNTHESIS AND INTERACTION Different enzymes can modify stroma allowing cells to break through basement membrane and spread eg. Metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9 - collagen IV MMP1 - collagen I
Slide 7-

ALTERED ENZYME SYNTHESIS AND INTERACTION Malignant cells synthesise factors that stimulate stromal cells (fibroblasts) to synthesise more enzymes. Enzymes eg. MMP2 bind to malignant cell and allow it to break through basement membrane.
Slide 8-

ppt slide no 8 content not found
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

WHAT IS METASTASIS? Ability of malignant cells to invade into lymphatics, blood vessels and cavities and spread to distant sites. Cells must be able to invade out of channels and grow at distant site. Not all circulating cancer cells will settle at a distant site and be able to grow.
Slide 11-

WHY DON’T ALL MALIGNANT CELLS METASTASISE? Cells may invade and circulate. May get to distant site but environment may not be appropriate for growth of those cells. Incorrect receptors Metabolic factors Failure of angiogenesis “Seed and Soil”
Slide 12-

ANGIOGENESIS Formation of small new vessels needed to maintain growth of cells. Due to various growth factors produced by cancer cells. Can aid invasion – more vessels with thin walls. Aids growth of metastasis.
Slide 13-

METASTASIS Primary = the site where the malignant neoplasm arises eg. breast, stomach. Secondary = metastasis eg. breast carcinoma that has spread to another organ.
Slide 14-

WHAT ARE THE ROUTES OF METASTASIS? Lymphatics Blood vessels Coelemic spaces
Slide 15-

LYMPHATICS Spread to local and distant lymph nodes Frequent route of spread of carcinomas Can involve lymphatics of lung
Slide 16-

ppt slide no 16 content not found
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

ppt slide no 18 content not found
Slide 19-

VASCULAR SPREAD Spread through capillaries and veins to various organs. Common sites are lung, liver, bone and brain.
Slide 20-

VASCULAR SPREAD To Lung Can occur with a wide range of malignant neoplasms. Sarcomas eg. Osteosarcoma Carcinomas eg. breast, stomach, large intestine Kidney (cannonball) Testis eg. malignant teratoma
Slide 21-

VASCULAR SPREAD To Liver Common site for carcinomas of large intestine (portal vein). Bronchial carcinoma. Breast Carcinoma.
Slide 22-

ppt slide no 22 content not found
Slide 23-

ppt slide no 23 content not found
Slide 24-

VASCULAR SPREAD To Bone Can cause destruction of bone Bronchial carcinoma Breast carcinoma Thyroid carcinoma Renal carcinoma Cause production of dense bone (osteosclerosis) Prostate
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

VASCULAR SPREAD To Brain Can cause problems within the brain and the meninges Metastasis from eg. Bronchial carcinoma Breast carcinoma Testicular carcinoma Malignant melanoma
Slide 27-

ppt slide no 27 content not found
Slide 28-

WHAT EFFECTS DO TUMOURS HAVE? Depends on: site of tumour extent of local spread site of metastasis extent of metastatic spread functional effects
Slide 29-

WHAT EFFECTS DO TUMOURS HAVE? In certain sites a small tumour can have devastating effects People can survive for some time with very extensive metastatic spread
Slide 30-

LOCAL EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS BENIGN Cause compression - pressure atrophy - altered function eg. pituitary In a hollow viscus cause partial or complete obstruction. Ulceration of surface mucosa. Space occupying lesion – brain.
Slide 31-

ppt slide no 31 content not found
Slide 32-

LOCAL EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS MALIGNANT Tend to destroy surrounding tissue. In a hollow viscus cause partial or complete obstruction, constriction. Ulceration. Infiltration around and into nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics. Space occupying lesion - brain
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

ppt slide no 34 content not found
Slide 35-

ppt slide no 35 content not found
Slide 36-

ppt slide no 36 content not found
Slide 37-

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS Haematological Anaemia due to ulceration (benign and malignant ) infiltration of bone marrow (leukaemia, metastasis) haemolysis Low white cell and platelets infiltration of bone marrow, treatment Thrombosis carcinoma of pancreas
Slide 38-

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS Endocrine Excessive secretion of hormones - benign and malignant neoplasms of endocrine glands e.g.parathyroid hormone, corticosteroids Ectopic hormone secretion - ACTH by small cell carcinoma of bronchus
Slide 39-

ppt slide no 39 content not found
Slide 40-

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS Increased pigmentation Pruritis (itching) Herpes zoster Deratomyositis many carcinomas jaundice, Hodgkin’s disease lymphoma bronchial carcinoma Skin
Slide 41-

ppt slide no 41 content not found
Slide 42-

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS Neuromuscular Problems with balance. Sensory/sensorimotor neuropathies. Myopathy and myasthenia. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Not due to metastasis to brain.
Slide 43-

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASMS Cachexia Malaise Pyrexia Mechanisms unknown
Slide 44-

WHY DO NEOPLASMS KILL PEOPLE? Local effect e.g. brain, perforation, haemorrhage Benign or malignant Replacement of essential body organs Malignant