Download Free Medical Brain Anatomy And Physiology PowerPoint Presentation

Brain Anatomy And Physiology PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Brain Anatomy and Physiology” by Dr. Nevo Margalit.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the brain, the most complex organ in the human body and is responsible for controlling all of the bodys functions, including movement, sensation, thought, and emotion. It is composed of approximately 86 billion neurons, which are specialized cells that transmit information throughout the brain and nervous system.

The brain is divided into several major regions, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon. The cerebrum is the largest region of the brain and is responsible for many of the brains higher functions, such as conscious thought, memory, and language. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is further divided into four lobes-the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain and is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls many of the bodys involuntary functions, such as breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon is located between the brainstem and the cerebrum and contains several important structures, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland.

Neurons communicate with each other through a process called neurotransmission. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on nearby neurons, causing them to either fire or inhibit firing.

The brain is also heavily involved in the regulation of hormones, which are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream and affect various bodily functions. The hypothalamus is particularly important in this process, as it controls the release of many hormones from the pituitary gland.

Overall, the anatomy and physiology of the brain is incredibly complex and still not fully understood. However, continued research is helping to shed light on how the brain functions and how we can better understand and treat neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Tags : Brain Anatomy and Physiology, the brain, neurons, cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, diencephalon, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 07, 2023 | Views : 2173 | Downloads : 0

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Brain Anatomy and Physiology Dr. Nevo Margalit – Neurosurgery Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
Slide 2-

Scalp Skin Connective tissue (superficial fascia) Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica) Loose areolar tissue Pericranium Occipitofrontalis muscle
Slide 3-

Scalp
Slide 4-

The Skull
Slide 5-

The Skull
Slide 6-

The skull
Slide 7-

The MeningsThe 3 layers covering the brain Dura: covers the brain and spinal cord. The venous sinuses run through the dura. 2 additional Parts of the dura are the Tentorium and the Falx Cerebri. Arachnoid: Transparent, thin web structure. Creates a space around the brain called the sub arachnoid space where the CSF and the main blood vessels pass. Pia: a very thin layer. Coats the brain and spinal cord and is inseparable from them.
Slide 8-

Dura
Slide 9-

ppt slide no 9 content not found
Slide 10-

Tentorium and Falx
Slide 11-

Tentorium
Slide 12-

Arachnoid
Slide 13-

Arachnoid – Basal Cisterns
Slide 14-

Parts of the Central Nervous System 2 hemispheres Brainstem Cerebellum Spinal cord
Slide 15-

Each hemisphere has lobes: Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Insular lobe Limbic lobe
Slide 16-

Lateral View
Slide 17-

Insula
Slide 18-

ppt slide no 18 content not found
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

Gyruses and sulci Each lobe is composed of gyruses separated by sulci The topography can be defined by histology, anatomical relationships or function
Slide 21-

Map Brodmann
Slide 22-

Gyruses and Sulci
Slide 23-

Functional areas
Slide 24-

Function 2
Slide 25-

Function 3
Slide 26-

f-MRI
Slide 27-

The Motor Strip
Slide 28-

Fibers
Slide 29-

Ventricles and CSF
Slide 30-

Ventricles and CSF CSF is produced by the choroid plexus in the ventricles The circulation is from the lateral ventricles to the third through the Monroe- aqueduct- IV ventricle- sub arachnoid space in skull and spine- absorption in sss and other sinuses through arachnoid granulations
Slide 31-

CSF Pathways
Slide 32-

CSF Pathways
Slide 33-

Arteries of the brain
Slide 34-

Arteries of the brain Anterior circulation – internal carotid artery, from common carotid in the neck. Bifurcates to MCA and ACA Posterior circulation – vertebral arteries that join to form the basilar artery that will then bifurcate to 2 PCA
Slide 35-

Circle of Willis Communication between 2 sides – anterior communicating (a-com) Communication between anterior and posterior circulation – posterior communicating (p-com) Many anomalies may exist
Slide 36-

Arteries in the neck
Slide 37-

Arteries in the subarachnoid space
Slide 38-

Arteries of the brain
Slide 39-

Physiology
Slide 40-

Blood supply to the brain The brain gets 15% of the cardiac output and 20% of the oxygen consumption The brain tissue gets in average 50ml of blood per 100gr of tissue per minute. The gray matter receives about 3 to 4 times more then the white matter Total blood supply to the brain is about 500-600ml per minute
Slide 41-

Factors Affecting the blood supply Autoregulation Biochemical changes – O2 and CO2 Blood brain barrier - BBB
Slide 42-

Autoregulation Maintains a regular blood supply to the brain in changing blood pressures The range is 50-130 mm mercury Possible mechanisms are the myogenic control, neurogenic and biochemichal control
Slide 43-

CO2 The most important and powerful mechanism that controls brain blood flow A change in 1mm PCO2 changes the flow in 4-5% PCO2 of 70 gives a maximal vasodilatation. Above that the flow is pressure dependent
Slide 44-

Hyperventilation Hyperventilation lowers the PCO2 It has a strong effect but it is limited in time Could be dangerous if not regulated- ischemia Can be regulated with a jugular bulb oximeter
Slide 45-

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER The BBB is composed of the tight junctions in the endothelium cells of the blood vessels Prevents passage of large molecules and even small ions like Na and Cl Specific substances pass the BBB like glucose and amino acids
Slide 46-

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER Because of the BBB, in the brain hydrostatic and oncotic pressures are not significant. The important parameter is the osmotic pressure The BBB is damages in trauma, tumor, infarct, SAH and infection
Slide 47-

BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
Slide 48-

Brainstem and Cranial Nerves
Slide 49-

Brain stem Has 3 parts: midbrain, pons and medulla Transports all the information to and from the brain Centers for breathing and blood pressure The origin or endpoint for cranial nerves Contains the center of consciousness Creates connections to the cerebellum
Slide 50-

ppt slide no 50 content not found
Slide 51-

ppt slide no 51 content not found
Slide 52-

ppt slide no 52 content not found
Slide 53-

Nuclei in the brain stem
Slide 54-

ppt slide no 54 content not found
Slide 55-

Cranial nerves 12 pairs of nerves All cranial nerves except I and II originate from the brainstem The nerves are sensory, motor or mixed There are nuclei in the brainstem that are the origin or the endpoint of the cranial nerves
Slide 56-

CN 1- Olfactory Nerve The sensation of smell Pure sensory nerve From the nose to the forebrain Very developed in some animals Tested an odorous substance
Slide 57-

ppt slide no 57 content not found
Slide 58-

ppt slide no 58 content not found
Slide 59-

ppt slide no 59 content not found
Slide 60-

CN 2 - Optic N Visual information from the eye to the brain Pure sensory nerve Belongs to the CNS and is not part of the PNS Problems could result in field problem, acuity problem and more Tested with a vision chart and field exam on confrontation
Slide 61-

ppt slide no 61 content not found
Slide 62-

ppt slide no 62 content not found
Slide 63-

ppt slide no 63 content not found
Slide 64-

CN 3, 4, 6- occulomotor, trochlear and abbducence Nerves that control the movement of the eyes and the constriction of the pupil Pure motor nerves Problems result in unsynchronized eye movements and/ or dilated pupil Tested with the patient following a finger and with light
Slide 65-

ppt slide no 65 content not found
Slide 66-

ppt slide no 66 content not found
Slide 67-

ppt slide no 67 content not found
Slide 68-

CN 5 – Trigeminal N The largest CN Sensory and motor Sensation from the face eyes, mouth, and motor for mastication muscles Tested with touch and pin on face
Slide 69-

ppt slide no 69 content not found
Slide 70-

ppt slide no 70 content not found
Slide 71-

CN 7 – Facial N Motor nerve of the face and taste from the tongue Motor and sensory Tested with movement of the facial muscles
Slide 72-

ppt slide no 72 content not found
Slide 73-

ppt slide no 73 content not found
Slide 74-

ppt slide no 74 content not found
Slide 75-

ppt slide no 75 content not found
Slide 76-

CN 8 – Vestibulocochlear N The nerves for hearing and balance Sensory nerves The most common origin of a schwanoma Tested by hearing test and balance function
Slide 77-

ppt slide no 77 content not found
Slide 78-

ppt slide no 78 content not found
Slide 79-

CN 9 – Glossopharyngeal N Sensation from the pharynx Mainly sensory and small motor part Problems result in aspiration Tested with the gag reflex
Slide 80-

ppt slide no 80 content not found
Slide 81-

CN 10 – Vagus N Motor to the muscles larynx and pharynx and the parasympathetic of the body Motor nerve Problems result in hoarseness Tested by opening mouth wide and saying “AH“
Slide 82-

ppt slide no 82 content not found
Slide 83-

CN 11 – Accessory N Nerve to the trapezius and sternomastoid muscles Motor nerve Tested with shoulder raise or turning the head
Slide 84-

ppt slide no 84 content not found
Slide 85-

CN 12 – Hypoglossal N Nerve to the muscle of the tongue Motor nerve Tested with movement of the tongue
Slide 86-

ppt slide no 86 content not found