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Depression-Its Symptoms Causes And Treatment PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "DEPRESSION - Its Symptoms, Causes and Treatment” by Dr Adelbert Scholtz.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about depression, a common mental health disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were previously enjoyed. It can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.

Depression can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, life events, and changes in brain chemistry.

Depression is a treatable condition, and there are many effective treatments available, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Its important for people who are experiencing symptoms of depression to seek professional help as soon as possible.

Tags : Depression, mental health disorder, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Antidepressant medication, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1579 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

DEPRESSIONIts Symptoms, Causes and Treatment Presentation by Dr Adelbert Scholtz
Slide 2-

A REAL ILLNESS The World Health Organisation recognises the various forms of depression as real illnesses Depression is not weakness of character or imagination It’s impossible to just shake your depression off
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THE DEPRESSED BRAIN Decreased brain activity with depression
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OVERVIEW 1. Symptoms 2. Causes 3. Treatment
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1. SYMPTOMS “Recession is when a neighbor loses his job. Depression is when you lose yours.”Ronald Reagan
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ICD-10: F32 Depressive Episode (1) In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the patient suffers from lowering of mood, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment, interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or worthlessness are often present.
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ICD-10: F32 Depressive Episode (2) The lowered mood varies little from day to day, is unresponsive to circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called "somatic" symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings, waking in the morning several hours before the usual time, depression worst in the morning, marked psychomotor retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. Depending upon the number and severity of the symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild, moderate or severe.
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ICD-10: VARIOUS TYPES OF DEPRESSION F32.0 Mild depressive episode F32.1 Moderate depressive episode F32.2 Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms F32.3 Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms F32.8 Other depressive episodes F32.9 Depressive episode, unspecified
Slide 9-

BI-POLAR DISORDER People suffering from this disorder fluctuate between manic and depressive phases It is a distinct disorder, not to be confused with “ordinary” depression
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SYMPTOMS The symptoms of depression are characterised by certain – Behaviours; Thoughts; Feelings; and Physical signs Evaluate yourself according to the checklist that follows
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SYMPTOMS For more than two weeks, have you – Felt sad, down or miserable most of the time? Lost interest or pleasure in most of your usual activities? If you have answered YES to either of the questions, evaluate yourself according the following checklist and count how many times you answered YES
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SYMPTOMS (BEHAVIOURS) Stopped going out Not getting things done Withdrawn from family & friends Relying on sedatives or alcohol Stopped doing things you enjoy Unable to concentrate
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SYMPTOMS (THOUGHTS) “I’m a failure” “It’s my fault” “Nothing good ever happens to me” “I’m worthless” “Life is not worth living” “Nothing makes sense anymore”
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SYMPTOMS (FEELINGS) Overwhelmed Unhappy Irritable Frustrated No confidence Guilty Indecisive Miserable Sad
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PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Tired all the time Sick and run down Headaches and muscle pains Churning gut Cry easily Can’t sleep Poor appetite / weight loss
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YOUR SCORE If you answered YES to 3 or more of the symptoms on the checklist, you most probably may be diagnosed with a depressive illness
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DEGREES OF DEPRESSION One can have mild, moderate or serious depression. Moderate chronic depression is sometimes called dysthemia. It may also be a single episode, it may be a series of separate episodes or the depression could be a chronic condition over a number of years. All the variations, though, exhibit the same symptoms.
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THE PRIME CAUSE OF SUICIDE About 90% of persons who commit suicide are suffering from severe depression. Depression is, therefore, a serious condition that cannot be ignored or wished away
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QUOTES It's hard to answer the question “what‘ s wrong” when nothing’s right. I'm tired of trying, sick of crying, I know I've been smiling, but inside I'm dying. Tired of living and scared of dying. I'm just learning how to smile, and that's not easy to do. The hardest years in life are those between ten and seventy.
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2. CAUSES
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TYPES OF DEPRESSION There are basically 2 forms of depression: Reactive depression Endogenous depression
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REACTIVE DEPRESSION An individual’s reaction to some or other disaster or serious loss, e g death of a beloved one, loss of income, loss of health or cessation of an important relationship Nobody can stay untouched in these circumstances Depression is a normal reaction after such a blow or loss
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AGGREVATING FACTORS Social isolation Inadequate diet Weak self-image Pessimism Chronic pain & bad health Dependency on alcohol & other drugs
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OVERDOSE OF STRESS A certain amount of stress is beneficial An overdose of stress may be overwhelming and lead to depression Examples: Family strife Work overload Social demands Deadlines
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ENDOGENOUS DEPRESSION An inherited condition in which the person has an inability to produce enough of the neurotransmitters Serotonin, Dopamine and Noradrenalin for use in his brain
Slide 26-

DEPRESSION AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS Connection between depression and deficiency of Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Estrogen Deficiency may cause depression Depression may cause deficiency
Slide 27-

COMBINED TYPE In most cases, depression is a combination of inherited factors and environmental factors If one has the inherited tendency to become depressed it will not necessarily happen If enough stress and other factors do occur, depression may result
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OTHER MEDICAL CONDITIONS Certain medical conditions may have symptoms similar to depression: Anemia Under-active thyroid Heart conditions
Slide 29-

POST-NATAL DEPRESSION Young mothers, especially with a first baby Hormones thrown into confusion with the pregnancy and breast-feeding If only for a few days – reasonably normal (“baby blues”) For a longer period – dangerous Depressive mother often does not bind with the baby and doesn’t realise the necessity of looking after the baby properly
Slide 30-

BIBLICAL EXAMPLES 1 Sam 16: 14 – 23 – King Saul; young David had to cheer him up with his harp 1 Ki 19: 4 – The prophet Elija after his encounter with the prophets of Baal Lam 3: 1 – 20 – The people of Jerusalem after the destruction of the city
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IS DEPRESSION A SIN? One of the symptoms: feelings of guilt Question: is it sinful to be depressed? Depressed persons often angry at God Depression: not a sin, but a medical condition
Slide 32-

3. TREATMENT
Slide 33-

A CHANGE OF SCENERY? Some people think that a change of scenery or a holiday is all that is needed to lift a depression Depression can only be treated if the causes have been identified and eliminated
Slide 34-

RETAIL THERAPY? Some people try to lift their depression by going on a shopping spree This only increases their problems
Slide 35-

MEDICATION Antidepressants – meant to increase the supply of serotonin to the brain Ineffective in many cases Often unpleasant side-effects Don’t solve any problems
Slide 36-

SLEEPING PILLS It is necessary to get enough quality sleep Sleeping pills are highly addictive Don’t provide quality sleep – only induce a stupor Only in an emergency
Slide 37-

SO, WHAT DOES HELP? How do you put the smile back on your face?
Slide 38-

PSYCHOTHERAPY A psychologist can help you identify the factors affecting your condition Treatment may include hypnosis, EFT, CBT &tc
Slide 39-

GROUP THERAPY Belong to a group with similar problems – receive social support Gain insight into your own problems Group facilitator – a mental health professional
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THERAPEUTICAL GOALS The goal of any therapy is to remove all the symptoms regarding – Unhelpful behaviours Negative thoughts Bad feelings Unpleasant physical symptoms
Slide 41-

HOW TO HELP YOURSELF There is much you can do to help yourself get rid of many of the symptoms of depression
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SPIRITUAL LIFE Strengthen your relationship with God
Slide 43-

NUTRITION Eat enough FRESH veggies & fruit Eat enough fibre & low GI foods Use supplements: Omega-3 fatty acids, Vit B comp., Vit C, zinc, calcium & magnesium
Slide 44-

NUTRITION Supplement with L-Tryptophan or 5-HTP to increase Serotonin levels (not together with antidepressants) Use Melatonin or GABA as a sleeping aid
Slide 45-

NUTRITION AVOID: Food fried in oil Fatty food Processed food Sugar Caffeine Alcohol & drugs These things mess with your brain chemistry
Slide 46-

EXERCISE Your body is designed for movement Exercise produces endorphins – potent pain killers and enhancers of mood Helps with relaxation & sleep Good for your overall health
Slide 47-

DO SOMETHING PLEASANT Go for a walk with your dog Take a bubble bath Work in the garden Practice a hobby Read a book Listen to music Go to the cinema Spoil yourself!
Slide 48-

GET SOCIAL SUPPORT Nurture your relationships Visit friends and relatives Avoid isolation – this will only make you feel worse
Slide 49-

RELAXATION EXERCISES Get your partner to massage your back and legs Practice relaxation and self-hypnosis
Slide 50-

JOIN A SUPPORT GROUP Receive information Meet new friends Become part of a network where you can help others