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Brain Structure And Function PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Brain Structure and Function”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the brain, an incredibly complex organ responsible for regulating all of the bodys functions and enabling conscious awareness and thought. It is divided into several main structures, each of which plays a critical role in the brains overall function.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for many of its higher functions, including conscious thought, reasoning, and perception. It is divided into two hemispheres, which are connected by a bundle of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum.

The cerebellum is located underneath the cerebrum and is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. It also plays a role in some cognitive functions, such as attention and language.

The brainstem is located at the base of the brain and connects it to the spinal cord. It controls many of the bodys essential functions, including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Within each of these main structures are many smaller regions that specialize in particular functions. For example, the hippocampus is a small structure located within the cerebrum that plays a crucial role in memory formation and recall.

The brain is composed of billions of neurons, which communicate with one another through specialized structures called synapses. These neurons and synapses form complex networks that allow the brain to process information and carry out its many functions.

Overall, the structure and function of the brain are incredibly complex and still not fully understood. Ongoing research continues to shed light on how this incredible organ works and how we can better understand and treat disorders that affect its function.

Tags : brain, conscious awareness, cerebrum, corpus callosum, cerebellum, neurons, synapses, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2124 | Downloads : 3

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Slide 1-

Brain Structure and Function
Slide 2-

“If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t” -Emerson Pugh, The Biological Origin of Human Values (1977)
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BRAINSTEM  Heart rate and breathing CEREBELLUM  Coordination and balance Parts of the Brain amygdala pituitary hippocampus THALAMUS  Relays messages
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The Brain Brainstem responsible for automatic survival functions Medulla controls heartbeat and breathing
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Reticular Formation Widespread connections Arousal of the brain as a whole Reticular activating system (RAS) Maintains consciousness and alertness Functions in sleep and arousal from sleep
Slide 6-

The Cerebellum helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
Slide 7-

The Limbic System Hypothalamus, pituitary, amygdala, and hippocampus all deal with basic drives, emotions, and memory Hippocampus  Memory processing Amygdala  Aggression (fight) and fear (flight) Hypothalamus  Hunger, thirst, body temperature, pleasure; regulates pituitary gland (hormones)
Slide 8-

The Limbic System Hypothalamus neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities eating drinking body temperature helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland linked to emotion (show video)
Slide 9-

The Limbic System Amygdala two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion and fear
Slide 10-

The Brain Thalamus the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla
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The Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
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The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
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The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres Planning, decision making speech Sensory Auditory Vision
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The Cerebral Cortex Frontal Lobes involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments the “executive” Parietal Lobes include the sensory cortex
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The Cerebral Cortex Occipital Lobes include the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field Temporal Lobes include the auditory areas, each of which receives auditory information primarily from the opposite ear
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The Cerebral Cortex Frontal (Forehead to top)  Motor Cortex Parietal (Top to rear)  Sensory Cortex Occipital (Back)  Visual Cortex Temporal (Above ears)  Auditory Cortex
Slide 17-

Brain Lateralization
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Our Divided Brains Corpus collosum – large bundle of neural fibers (myelinated axons, or white matter) connecting the two hemispheres
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Hemispheric Specialization LEFT Symbolic thinking (Language) Detail Literal meaning RIGHT Spatial perception Overall picture Context, metaphor
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Contra-lateral division of labor Right hemisphere controls left side of body and visual field Left hemisphere controls right side of body and visual field
Slide 21-

Split Brain Patients Epileptic patients had corpus callosum cut to reduce seizures in the brain Lives largely unaffected, seizures reduced Affected abilities related to naming objects in the left visual field left and right brain differences in learning.m4v http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Qi5_dANWYo
Slide 22-

Brain Plasticity
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Brain Plasticity The ability of the brain to reorganize neural pathways based on new experiences Persistent functional changes in the brain represent new knowledge Age dependent component Brain injuries
Slide 24-

Environmental influences on neuroplasticity Impoverished environment Enriched environment
Slide 25-

Phineas Gage September 13th, 1848 Phineas 25 years old Rutland & Burlington Railroad, Cavendish, VT Paving the way for new RR tracks “Tamping Iron” 1.25in x 3ft
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ppt slide no 26 content not found
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Accident Quick Recovery Months later: “No longer Gage” Before: capable, efficient, best foreman, well-balanced mind After: extravagant, anti-social, liar, grossly profane Stint with P.T Barnum Died 12 years later Watch Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI Phineas Gage
Slide 28-

The Nervous System The nervous system is made up of neurons, nerve cells that transmit signals or “messages” throughout the body. Dendrites – The rootlike structures at the ends of neurons that receive messages from other neurons. Axon – The long, thin part of a neuron along which nerve impulses travel. © 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 29-

The Nervous System Terminals – The small branching structures at the tips of axons. Neurotransmitters – Chemical substances that transmit messages from one neuron to another. Synapse – The junction between one neuron and another across which neurotransmitters pass. Receptor site – A part of a dendrite on a receiving neuron that is structured to receive a neurotransmitter. © 2014, 2011, 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 33-

Neural Transmission The Brain's Inner Workings - Part 1 - Structure and Function http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C13OVRguQrQ&feature=relmfu The Brain's Inner Workings - Part 2 – Cognition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NixAppWWec&NR=1&feature=endscreen Neurons and how they work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR4S1BqdFG4&feature=related
Slide 34-

Steps in Neural Transmission Class ChallengeGoal: gain a hands-on idea of how electrical information is passed along an axon for neural transmission to occur. 1 Facilitator and 12 students. Facilitator- Assign the following roles to each student in your group: electrical stimulus, dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath (use four students for this one), positive ion, negative ion, terminal button, and neighboring neuron. (use the text to help you understand what each role does) Group – Students line up in the correct order of neural transmission. Facilitator – Orchestrate the group to ‘act out’ each of the steps and have each student act out their parts as you are going through the steps. Do this a couple of times until you think they have the hang of it. Next, allow the students to run through the steps by themselves. (Extra points for creativity)
Slide 35-

Neural Transmission Act 1 electrical stimulus dendrite cell body axon myelin sheath (use four students for this one) positive ion negative ion terminal button neighboring neuron.
Slide 36-

The Brain – History Channel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iE3MgMFfI6U
Slide 37-

Introductory Psychology Concepts The Brain - Major Structures and Their Function Thalamus Corpuscallosum Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Pons Medulla Reticular formation Spinal cord Brain stem Cerebellum Cerebrum Amygdala Hippocampus