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Wound Infections PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "Wound Infections”.

This medical is about wound infections, infections that occur in a wound or incision, typically caused by bacteria entering the body through the wound. These infections can delay healing, cause pain and discomfort, and may lead to more serious complications if left untreated.

Tags : Wound Infections, bacteria, Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 1854 | Downloads : 0

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Wound Infections Chapter 24
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Wound Infections Penetration of the skin by micro-organisms is difficult—Part of the innate defense Wounds provide the most common access through the skin. Disease production in infected wounds depends on How virulent infecting organisms are How many organisms infect the wound Is the host immunocompetent Nature of the wound Does it contain crushed material or foreign material
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Staphylococcal Wound Infections Leading cause of wound infections Symptoms Bacteria are pyogenic Infection causes Inflammation Fever Some strains produce toxic shock syndrome More than 30 recognized strains
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Staphylococcal Wound Infections Causative Agent: S. aureus Virulence due to the production of extracellular products Coagulase Causes blood clotting to evade phagocytosis Clumping factor Aids in bacterial wound colonization Protein A Hide bacteria from phagocytic cells  toxin Produces hole in host cell membrane
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Staphylococcal Wound Infections Treatment Many strains develop resistance to antibiotics Many strains treated with anti β lactamase penicillins and vancomycin Vancomycin resistant strain identified in 1997 Epidemiology 30% to 100% due to patient’s own flora Factors associated with infection include Advanced age Immunosupression or poor general health Prolonged postoperative hospital stay
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Group A Streptococcal Infections Primary pathogen is S. pyogenes Also known as “flesh eaters” Β hemolytic, Gram-positive cocci in chains Can cause rapidly deteriorating disease and death Common cause of wound infections Not a lot of antimicrobial resistance: early penicillin Two extracellular products are responsible for virulence Pyrogenic exotoxin A superantigen : toxic shock Exotoxin B necrotizing fasciitis
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections P. aeruginosa Major cause of nosocomial infections Lung infections Burn infections Community acquired infections include Rash and external ear infections Infection of foot bones Eye infections Heart valve infections Lung biofilms
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections Pathogenesis Some strains produce enzymes and toxins to enhance virulence Exoenzyme S Toxin A Phosphlipase C Epidemiology P. aeruginosa is widespread in nature Prevention and Treatment Prevention involves elimination of sources of bacteria P. aeruginosa is multi-drug resistant Medications must be administered intravenously at high doses
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Tetanus (Lockjaw) Symptoms Divided into early and late symptoms Early symptoms Restlessness Irritability Difficulty swallowing Contraction of jaw muscles Convulsions Particularly in children Later symptoms Increased muscle involvement Pain Difficulty breathing Death
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Tetanus Causative Agent Clostridium tetini Anaerobic Gram-negative Bacillus Spore former 25% mortality rate; rare in the developed world tetanospasmin toxin blocks inhibition of motor neurons, causing paralysis Prevention: vaccination, treatment: antitoxin Bacterial spores prevalent in dirt and dust and gastro intestinal tract of humans and other animals
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Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene) Causative Agent Several species of Clostridium Most common offender, C. perfrigens Encapsulated, Gram-negative bacillus Endospores of causative bacillus are innumerable Spores found in nearly all soil or dusty surface Normal flora of intestinal tract and vagina Primarily disease of wartime Due to neglected wounds containing debris Treat with hyperbaric oxygen, antibiotics (penicillin)
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Actinomycosis Causative Agent Actinomyces israelii Filamentous, anaerobic, slow growing Pathogenesis A. israelii cannot penetrate healthy mucosa Infection is characterized by cycles Abscess formation → scarring → formation of sinus tracts Disease progresses to skin and can penetrate bone or central nervous system Epidemiology Can be normal flora Prevention and Treatment No proven prevention Responds to numerous antibacterials Penicillin and tetracycline
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Pasteurella multocida Causative Agent Pasteurella multocida Gram-negative Coccobacillus Rounder bacillus shape Most are encapsulated Bite infections from numerous animals Fowl Cholera, animal reservoir Symptoms Spreading redness Tenderness Swelling of adjacent tissues Pus discharge
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Cat Scratch Disease Causative Agent Bartonella henselae Gram-negative bacillus Symptoms Disease begins within a week Painful enlargement of lymph nodes Fever Epidemiology Zoonotic disease Cats infected by flea bite Infections treated with amipicillin
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Streptobacillary Rat Bite Fever Causative Agent Streptobacillus moniliformis Gram-negative,Bacillus Symptoms Bite wound usually heals without complication Development of chills, fever, head and muscle ache and vomiting 2 to 10 days after healing Majority of cases are self limiting 7% - 10% of untreated cases are fatal
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Sporotrichosis: AKA. “rose gardener’s disease” Causative Agent Sporothrix schenckii Dimorphic fungus Lives in soil and on vegetation Associated with puncture wound from vegetation Sporadic: rare in healthy people Untreated cases may become chronic Itroconazole and amphotericin B