Download Free Medical The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System PowerPoint Presentation

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pathology, which is titled "The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System", to know about the Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System.

Tags : Pathology, Anatomy, Physiology, Respiratory System

Published on : Aug 06, 2021 | Views : 5159 | Downloads : 16

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System
Slide 2-

Functions of the Respiratory System Air Distributor Gas exchanger Filters, warms, and humidifies air Influences speech Allows for sense of smell
Slide 3-

Divisions of the Respiratory System Upper respiratory tract (outside thorax) Nose Nasal Cavity Sinuses Pharynx Larynx
Slide 4-

Divisions of the Respiratory System Lower respiratory tract (within thorax) Trachea Bronchial Tree Lungs
Slide 5-

Structures of the Upper Respiratory Tract Nose - warms and moistens air Palantine bone separates nasal cavity from mouth. Cleft palate - Palantine bone does not form correctly, difficulty in swallowing and speaking. Septum - separates right and left nostrils rich blood supply = nose bleeds. Sinuses - 4 air containing spaces – open or drain into nose - (lowers weight of skull).
Slide 6-

Structures of the Upper Respiratory Tract Pharynx - (throat) Base of skull to esophagus 3 divisions Nasopharynx - behind nose to soft palate. Adenoids swell and block. Oropharynx - behind mouth, soft palate to hyoid bone. tonsils Laryngopharynx - hyoid bone to esophagus.
Slide 7-

Structures of the Upper Respiratory Tract Pharynx Continued Changes shape to allow for vowel sounds = phonation.
Slide 8-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract Larynx - voice box Root of tongue to upper end of trachea. Made of cartilage 2 pairs of folds Vestibular - false vocal cords True vocal cords
Slide 9-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract larynx cont… Thyroid cartilage - adam’s apple - larger in males due to testosterone. Epiglottis - flap of skin (hatch) on trachea, moves when swallowing and speaking. closes off trachea when swallowing food
Slide 10-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract Trachea (windpipe) Larynx to bronchi Consists of smooth cartilage and C shaped rings of cartilage. Tracheostomy - cutting of an opening in trachea to allow breathing.
Slide 11-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract Bronchi Tubes that branch off trachea and enter into lungs Ciliated– WHY? Branches: Primary bronchi—secondary bronchi—tertiary bronchi—bronchioles Bronchioles branch into microscopic alveolar ducts. Terminate into alveolar sacs Gas exchange with blood occurs in sacs.
Slide 12-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Slide 13-

Structures of the Lower Respiratory Tract Lungs Extend from diaphragm to clavicles Divided into lobes by fissures. Visceral pleura adheres to the lungs. Pleurisy = inflammation of the pleural lining
Slide 14-

Bronchioles (Plural – bronchi)
Slide 15-

Respiratory Physiology Pulmonary Ventilation = breathing Mechanism Movement of gases through a pressure gradient - hi to low. When atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) is greater than lung pressure ---- air flows in = inspiration. When lung pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure ---- air flows out = expiration.
Slide 16-

Respiratory Physiology Pressure gradients are established by changes in thoracic cavity. increase size in thorax = a decrease in pressure --- air moves in. Decrease size in thorax = increase in pressure --- air moves out.
Slide 17-

http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes6.htm
Slide 18-

Inspiration -contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Slide 19-

Expiration relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Slide 20-

Volumes of Air Exchange Tidal volume - amount of air exhaled normally after a typical inspiration. Normal - about 500 ml Expiratory Reserve volume - additional amount of air forcibly expired after tidal expiration (1000 - 1200 ml). Inspiratory Reserve volume - (deep breath) amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled over and above normal. Residual volume - amount of air that stays trapped in the alveoli (about 1.2 liters).
Slide 21-

Volumes of Air Exchange Vital capacity - the largest volume of air an individual can move in and out of the lungs. Vital capacity = sum of IRV+TV+ERV Depends of many factors size of thoracic cavity posture volume of blood in lungs  congestive heart failure, emphysema, disease, etc…
Slide 22-

Volumes of Air Exchange Eupnea - normal quiet breathing, 12-17 breaths per minute. Hyperpnea - increase in breathing to meet an increased demand by body for oxygen. Hyperventilation - increase in pulmonary ventilation in excess of the need for oxygen. Someone hysterical Breathe into exertion paper bag. Hypoventilation - decrease in pulmonary ventilation. Apnea - temporary cessation of breathing at the end of normal expiration.
Slide 23-

Heimlich Maneuver Lifesaving technique that is used to open a windpipe that is suddenly obstructed. Air already in lungs used to expel object.
Slide 24-

Heimlich Maneuver Technique - Conscious victim Ask the victim if he/she can talk Stand behind victim and wrap your arms around their waist. Make a fist with one hand and grasp it with the other hand. Place thumb side of fist below xiphoid process and above navel. Thrust your fist in and upward - about 4 times. DO NOT press on ribs or sternum
Slide 25-

Heimlich Maneuver Technique - Unconscious victim Catch victim if they begin to fall - place on floor face up. Straddle hips Place one hand on top of other on the victims abdomen - above navel and below xiphoid process. Forceful upward thrusts with heel of hand - several times if necessary.
Slide 26-

Review Questions 1 Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? A. influence speech B. Distribution of oxygen to cells C. Filtration of air D. Warming of air B
Slide 27-

2 The common name for the trachea is _______ Windpipe
Slide 28-

3 The structure known as the Adam’s Apple located in neck is the _____ Thyroid Cartilage
Slide 29-

4 The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are the Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles D
Slide 30-

5 The flap or opening to the trachea is the Larynx Pharynx Epiglottis Vocal cords
Slide 31-

6 The structure that separates the right and left nasal cavities is the ____________ Septum
Slide 32-

7 The incorrect formation of the palantine bone during gestation is known as a __________ Cleft Palate
Slide 33-

8 During inspiration which of the following does not occur? Diaphragm contracts Intercostals relax Diaphragm flattens Size of thorax increases B
Slide 34-

9 Which of the following activities is the best analogy of respiration? Exchanging gifts Giving a gift Receiving a gift Sitting in a chair A
Slide 35-

10 Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the… Alveoli Bronchioles Diaphragm Heart C