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The Abdomen PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Digestive System, which is titled "The Abdomen", to know about the abdomen and stomach.

Tags : Digestive System, Abdomen, stomach

Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 2102 | Downloads : 4

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Slide 1-

The Abdomen Stuart M Bunt Functional Anatomy 212
Slide 2-

Overview
Slide 3-

Embryology Revision Foregut, Midgut and Hindgut suspended by the dorsal mesentary, initially straight Ventral mesentary connects stomach and ant. abd. wall, rest of gut free anteriorly Mesentary supplies blood and nerves to gut between layers of peritoneum Complex adult layout due to 270o rotation
Slide 4-

Blood Supply to Abdominal Organs Foregut Celiac trunk Midgut Superior mesenteric artery Hindgut Inferior mesenteric artery Rectum Internal iliac artery (pudendal and rectal arteries)
Slide 5-

Stomach Variable size and shape, distensible J shaped related to body form Lesser and greater curvature gastroesophageal junction fundus,cardiac part, body, pyloric part pyloric antrum and sphincter rugae and gastric pits
Slide 6-

Blood Supply of Stomach
Slide 7-

Superior Mesenteric Artery Territory
Slide 8-

Inferior mesenteric artery territory
Slide 9-

Venous system Portal Vein Splenic vein inferior mesenteric vein Superior mesenteric vein Gastric veins Hepatic Veins Inf. Vena Cava
Slide 10-

Anastomoses
Slide 11-

Stomach rotates and distends Front Back Omentum Dorsal Mesentary Ventral Mesentary Splenic tissue Epiploic Foramen
Slide 12-

Omentum
Slide 13-

Under the OMENTUM
Slide 14-

The Peritoneal cavity is divided in two Rotation of stomach forms the greater omentum (allows stomach distension and infection control) Omental bursa or Lesser sac is inside omentum (a potential space) Lesser omentum runs from stomach to liver (note free lower border above epiploic foramen contains portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct Falciform ligament runs from liver to ant abd. wall
Slide 15-

Mesenteries are important:- Paracolic gutters channel fuid Stop herniation due to bipedal posture Supply blood/nerves Sensitive to stretch Contain infection Useful in surgery
Slide 16-

On return some gut fuses with posterior wall Rectum Desc. Colon Asc. Colon Duo. 1 2 3 4 1.lienorenal lig. 2.trans. mesocolon 3.mesentary proper 4.mes. of sig. colon Diaphragm
Slide 17-

Retro-peritoneal
Slide 18-

Oesophagus 10 inches from pharynx to stomach narrow at cricoid cartilage where left bronchus crosses oesophageal hiatus in diaphragm mucous membrane folded (normally collapsed) stratified squamous epithelium striated above smooth below trachea on right, lower aorta on left medial to L. lung, behind left atrium
Slide 19-

Duodenum first 12 inches of gut four parts form C shape duodenal cap radiologically identified, ulcers form here mobile descending part pancreatic and bile ducts horizontal part crosses psoas, IVC and aorta crossed by mesentery, sup mesen. art. ascending part
Slide 20-

Jejunum 2/5ths of small intestine gradual transition to ileum many small villi increasing numbers of lymph nodules no submucosal glands lacteals in each villus columnar epithelium
Slide 21-

Ileum distal 3/5ths of intestine narrower, thinner, less vascular, slower, more fat and arterial arcades in mesentery than jejunum. Peyer’s patches of lymphoid tissue
Slide 22-

Colon ascending colon retroperitoneal right colic or hepatic flexure transverse colon (mesocolon) droops towards pelvis? left colic or splenic flexure descending colon retroperitoneal pelvic or sigmoid colon S shaped
Slide 23-

Colonoscopy Barium enema outlines structures on X-rays
Slide 24-

Appendix
Slide 25-

The Liver Largest Gland (one of largest organs) Right upper abdomen under diaphragm Grows as outgrowth of gut plus mesoderm Diaphragmatic surface Visceral surface down and left related to stomach, duodenum, r. kidney, r. colonic flexure bears gall bladder
Slide 26-

Biliary System R and L Hepatic ducts Common hepatic duct Joined by cystic duct (to gall bladder) Forms bile duct (common bile duct) Gall Bladder body and fundus, salts and water absorbed store for bile, released in response to cholecystokinin
Slide 27-

Pancreas
Slide 28-

Pancreas Head in concavity of duodenum body across vertebrae tail reaches the spleen pancreatic duct (+ accessory?) ampulla duodenal papilla
Slide 29-

Spleen
Slide 30-

The Spleen Lies in left hypochondriac region between gastric fundus and diaphragm at level of 9th-10th rib (not normally palpable) Soft, friable, highly vascular, dark purple Diaphragmatic surface convex and smooth facing diaphragm Visceral surface gastric, renal, pancreatic and colic impressions
Slide 31-

The Spleen (2) Hilum of spleen long fissure through which vessels and nerves pass Suspended from stomach by gastrolienal ligament (contains short gastric and left gastro-epiploic branches of spenic artery) Suspended from posterior abdominal wall by lienorenal ligament Covered by adherent peritoneum
Slide 32-

Relationship to the Spleen
Slide 33-

Kidneys In fat capsule Suprarenal glands superiorly Direct Arterial and venous supply
Slide 34-

Kidney Internal Structure Renal pyramids between renal columns Renal Cortex Renal papillae drain into minor calix Major calix join to form renal pelvis Ureter as outlet
Slide 35-

Kidneys External View Artery - Vein - Ureter
Slide 36-

Relationships of the Kidneys