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Sense of Hearing and Equilibrium PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Sense of Hearing and Equilibrium".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the sense of hearing and equilibrium, both related to the functioning of the ear.

Hearing is the ability to detect and perceive sound. It involves the detection of sound waves by the ear, which are then transformed into electrical signals that are interpreted by the brain as sound. The ear is made up of three main parts: the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. The outer ear includes the visible part of the ear and the ear canal, which funnels sound waves into the middle ear. The middle ear includes the eardrum and three small bones called the ossicles, which amplify and transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear. The inner ear is where sound waves are transformed into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve.

Equilibrium, also known as balance, is the sense of body orientation and motion. It is maintained by a complex system in the inner ear called the vestibular system. This system includes the semicircular canals, which detect rotational movements of the head, and the otolith organs, which detect linear acceleration and gravity. The vestibular system sends signals to the brain about the bodys orientation and motion, which are then used to maintain balance and coordinate movements.

Both the sense of hearing and equilibrium are important for everyday functioning and can be affected by various factors such as aging, injury, disease, and exposure to loud noises. Problems with hearing and equilibrium can lead to a range of symptoms and complications, such as dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, and difficulty with balance and coordination.

Tags : Sense of Hearing and Equilibrium, sense of body orientation and motion, vestibular system, linear acceleration and gravity

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1674 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Sense of Hearing and Equilibrium
Slide 2-

3 Parts Sense of Hearing Made up of: Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear Ear also functions as sense of equilibrium
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Outer (External) Ear 3 parts Auricle (Pinna) Funnel-like structure External Acoustic Meatus (External Auditory Canal) S-shaped tube Eardrum (tympanic membrane) Cone shaped Sometimes considered part of middle ear
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Auricle Helps collect sound waves traveling through the air and directs them into the external acoustic meatus.
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External Acoustic Meatus As sound waves enter they change the pressure on the eardrum.
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Eardrum Semitransparent membrane covered by a thin layer of skin on its outer surface and a mucosa membrane in the inside Has an oval margin and cone-shape with the cone apex pointing inward.
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Middle Ear (Tympanic Cavity Air-filled space in the temporal bone Contains three bones called Auditory Ossicles Malleus Incus Stapes Oval Window Opening of tympanic cavity that leads to inner ear Auditory Tube (Eustachian Tube) Connects middle ear to nasal cavity
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Auditory Ossicles Tiny ligaments attach bones to wall of tympanic cavity Are covered by mucous membrane Bridge the ear drum and the inner ear Transmit vibrations between eardrum and I.E. Malleus is attached to ear drum Once eardrum vibrates so does malleus which causes Incus and then Stapes to vibrate in unison. Stapes is attached to oval window Help increase(amplify) the force of vibrations from eardrum to oval window Oval window vibrations move fluid in inner ear to stimulate hearing receptors
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Auditory TubeEustachian Tube Connects middle ear to back of nasopharynx Conducts air between tympanic cavity and the outside of body by way of nose and mouth Helps maintain equal pressure of both sides of eardrum Function is noticeable during rapid altitude changes Popping sound is heard when hearing is restored back to normal
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Inner (Internal) Ear Consists of: Labyrinth Semicircular canals Cochlea Round window Spiral Organ (Organ of Corti)
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Labyrinth Complex system of communicating chambers 2 Parts: Osseous Labyrinth Bony canal in temporal bone Membranous Labyrinth Similar shape of osseous labyrinth Found within osseous labyrintjh Fluid between labyrinths is called perilymph which is secreted by cells in the walls of the bony canal Fluid within Membranous is called endolymph
Slide 12-

Semicircular Canals and Cochlea SCC Part of labyrinth Provide sense of equilibrium Chochlea Functions in hearing Has bony core and thin bony shelf that winds around the core like the threads of a screw Shelf divides the osseous labyrinth of cochlea into upper and lower compartments Upper Compartment (Scala Vestibuli) Leads from oval window to apex of spiral Lower Compartment (Scala Tympani) Extends from Apex to round window
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Cochlea Cont. Round Window Opening in the wall of inner ear Cochlear Duct Part of membranous labyrinth Lies between to bony compartments and ends as a closed sac at the apex Separated from scala vestibuli by vestibular membrane (Reissner’s membrane) Separated from Scala Tympani by basilar membrane
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Spiral Organ AKA Organ of Corti Contains hearing receptors Receptor Cells AKA Hair cells Function somewhat like neurons Move back and forth depending on pitch of sound Young person Detect sound waves ranging from 20-20,000 or more vibrations per second 2,000-3,000 is the range of greatest sensitivity See Table 10.1 on page 274 for steps to hearing
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Nerve Pathways Temporal Lobes interpret hearing Follow the Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve
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Sense of Equilibrium 2 Senses-2 different sensory organs Static Sense position of head Maintain stability and posture when head is still Dynamic Sudden movement or rotation of head Aid in maintaining balance
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Static Equilibrium Vestibule Bony chamber between SCC and Cochlea Contains: Utricle Saccule Each of these have tiny hair like structures called macula Head bending forward, backward, or to one side stimulate hair cells
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Dynamic Equilibrium Organs are the three SCC Contain: Ampulla Houses sensory organs called crista ampularis contain a number of sensory hair cells and supporting cells Rapid turns of head stimulate crista ampularis SCC move with head but fluid stays stationary Cerebellum Parts interpret impulses from SCC Other organs help maintain balance Eyes Joints in neck
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