Obstetrics: Fetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions

Obstetrics: Fetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Obstetrics: Fetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions
This presentation on "Obstetrics: Fetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions" delves into the advanced field of fetal medicine, focusing on the surgical and minimally invasive techniques used to treat congenital conditions before birth. Designed for healthcare professionals, students, and those interested in medical innovation, this resource offers an in-depth look at various fetal surgeries that improve survival and quality of life for infants born with complex conditions.
Key topics include an overview of common fetal surgeries, such as open fetal surgery for conditions like myelomeningocele (spina bifida), fetoscopic laser ablation for twin-twin transfusion syndrome, and the EXIT procedure to secure airways in babies with airway obstructions at birth. Each procedure is explored through step-by-step explanations, benefits, and risks, along with the latest advancements in minimally invasive and robotic-assisted techniques.
This presentation emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach, combining obstetrics, pediatrics, and surgical expertise to offer the best outcomes for both mother and fetus. As fetal surgery continues to advance, this presentation highlights the future potential of gene therapy, stem cell treatments, and innovations in fetal imaging, showcasing the promise of ongoing research in fetal medicine.

Tags : Fetal Surgery, In-Utero Interventions, Obstetrics, Congenital Conditions, Fetal Medicine, Myelomeningocele, Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, CDH, EXIT Procedure

Published on : Nov 26, 2024 | Views : 590 | Downloads : 0

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ObstetricsFetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions Advances in Fetal Medicine for Treating Congenital Conditions Dr. Priya Kapoor Gynaecologist and Obstetrician
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Introduction to Fetal Surgery and In-Utero Interventions Definition of fetal surgery: Surgical procedures performed on a fetus in the womb. Purpose: To treat congenital abnormalities and improve survival and health outcomes for the fetus. Types: Open fetal surgery, minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery, and EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment). Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery and in-utero interventions represent advanced techniques in fetal medicine to address and treat congenital conditions that would otherwise lead to severe disability or death if left untreated. Reference: Adzick, N. S. (2013). Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele: Trials and Tribulations. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 48(2), 273-278.
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Types of Fetal Surgery Open Fetal Surgery: Traditional open surgery requiring a uterine incision. Minimally Invasive Fetoscopic Surgery: Uses a fetoscope inserted through a small incision to perform surgery. EXIT Procedure (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment): A specialized procedure performed during delivery to secure the baby’s airway while still connected to the placenta. Speaker Notes: Each type of fetal surgery has unique benefits and risks. Open surgery is often used for complex cases, while fetoscopic surgery minimizes maternal trauma. The EXIT procedure is particularly useful for airway issues. Reference: Moldenhauer, J. S. (2017). Fetal intervention: The new frontier in maternal-fetal medicine. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 44(3), 561-574.
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Common Conditions Treated with Fetal Surgery Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida): Prevents further damage to the spinal cord and nerves. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Repairs the diaphragm to improve lung development. Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS): Fetoscopic laser ablation is used to separate shared blood vessels. Congenital Heart Defects: Balloon valvuloplasty and other procedures to improve fetal heart function. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery is primarily performed for conditions where early intervention can drastically improve outcomes. These procedures are selected when the risk to fetal health outweighs the potential complications of surgery. Reference: Kohl, T., & Hering, R. (2014). Fetoscopic interventions for fetal spina bifida. Prenatal Diagnosis, 34(11), 1165-1171.
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Fetal Surgery for Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) Myelomeningocele: A severe form of spina bifida affecting the spinal cord. Open fetal surgery closes the spinal defect in utero to protect neural tissues. Improves motor outcomes and reduces need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Speaker Notes: Myelomeningocele, a type of spina bifida, is a major focus of fetal surgery. Research shows that in-utero closure of the defect can improve neurological outcomes and prevent further spinal damage. Reference: Adzick, N. S., et al. (2011). A Randomized Trial of Prenatal versus Postnatal Repair of Myelomeningocele. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(11), 993-1004.
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Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) TTTS occurs in identical twin pregnancies where twins share a placenta. Fetoscopic laser ablation seals abnormal blood vessel connections between twins. Reduces risk of heart failure in one or both twins and improves survival rates. Speaker Notes: TTTS is a life-threatening condition in twin pregnancies. Fetoscopic laser ablation has become the gold standard treatment, significantly increasing survival and reducing complications. Reference: Quintero, R. A., et al. (2003). Selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 188(6), 1333-1340.
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Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) and Fetal Intervention CDH involves a hole in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest. Fetal tracheal occlusion (FETO) promotes lung growth by blocking airflow out of the lungs. Improves survival rates for severe cases of CDH. Speaker Notes: CDH is a critical condition where early intervention can help improve lung development. FETO involves placing a balloon in the fetal trachea to allow lung growth, which can later be removed. Reference: Jani, J. C., et al. (2009). Fetal surgery for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The Lancet, 374(9694), 1352-1361.
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EXIT Procedure (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment) EXIT procedure allows temporary fetal-placental circulation. Used in cases with airway obstructions (e.g., neck masses). Ensures that the baby’s airway is secured before cutting the umbilical cord. Speaker Notes: The EXIT procedure is a unique approach performed during delivery to manage airway obstructions while the fetus is still receiving oxygen through the placenta. This ensures a safe transition for newborns with airway concerns. Reference: Bouchard, S., et al. (2002). The EXIT Procedure: Evolution of a Parental and Fetal Treatment Strategy. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 37(5), 675-679.
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Risks and Benefits of Fetal Surgery Benefits: Prevents disease progression, improves survival, reduces postnatal surgeries. Risks: Preterm labor, infection, uterine rupture, maternal complications. Comprehensive assessment needed to weigh risks vs. potential benefits. Speaker Notes: While fetal surgery offers life-saving opportunities, it also carries risks. Careful patient selection and counseling are essential to ensure that benefits outweigh the risks. Reference: Deprest, J. A., et al. (2015). Current concepts in fetal surgery for spina bifida. Prenatal Diagnosis, 35(5), 563-572.
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Future of Fetal Surgery and Innovations Advances in imaging and minimally invasive techniques. Gene therapy and stem cell treatments as emerging options. Robotic-assisted fetal surgery for precision. Potential for non-surgical therapies and improved fetal outcomes. Speaker Notes: The future of fetal surgery is promising, with emerging technologies like robotic surgery, gene therapy, and non-invasive methods showing potential for safer and more effective outcomes. Reference: Belfort, M. A., & Whitehead, W. E. (2018). Fetal surgery: indications, outcomes, and innovations. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30(2), 102-109.
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Key Takeaways
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Fetal surgery has transformed outcomes for several congenital conditions. Continuous advances in technology are enhancing safety and efficacy. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful outcomes. Speaker Notes: Fetal surgery has shown incredible potential in treating congenital conditions and improving fetal outcomes. Continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration are vital to further this field.
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