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Nasal Polyposis PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Nasal Polyposis".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about nasal polyposis is a condition in which there are abnormal growths (polyps) in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. These polyps are usually non-cancerous and vary in size from small to large.

The exact cause of nasal polyposis is not known, but it is believed to be a result of chronic inflammation of the nasal passages and sinuses. Common risk factors for the development of nasal polyps include allergies, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and certain immune disorders.

Symptoms of nasal polyposis may include a runny or stuffy nose, decreased sense of smell or taste, facial pain or pressure, snoring, and headaches. In severe cases, nasal polyps can lead to obstructive sleep apnea or a complete blockage of the nasal passages, which can cause difficulty breathing.

Treatment for nasal polyposis may involve medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, antihistamines to control allergies, and antibiotics to treat any infections. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the polyps. Additionally, avoiding known triggers such as allergens and irritants may help to prevent the development or recurrence of nasal polyps.

Tags : Nasal Polyposis, sinuses, nasal polyps

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1835 | Downloads : 3

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Slide 1-

Nasal Polyposis
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Definition Nasal polyps are non-neoplastic masses of edematous nasal mucosa. They are divided into two main types: Ethmoidal Polypi Antrochoanal Polyp They can also be presenting features of fungal sinusitis and sino-nasal malignancy
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Etiology and associated diseases The aspirin triad: A triad of nasal polyposis, asthma & aspirin intolerance It is a non-allergic entity as intolerance is not confined to aspirin as patients react to other NSAIDS
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Etiology and associated diseases Allergic fungal sinusitis Allergy Cystic fibrosis: Nasal polyps seen in up to 45% patients of the disease Primary Ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagnere’s syndrome) : nasal polyps seen in 40% pts. Young’s Syndrome: It consists of chronic rhiniosinusitis, nasal polyposis, bronchiectasis nd azoospermia.
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Histologically, nasal polyps are characterized by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, thickening of the epithelial basement membrane, and few nerve endings. The stroma of nasal polyps is edematous. Eosinophil cells are the most commonly identified inflammatory cell, occurring in 80-90% of polyps. Neutrophils in 7% of polyps
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Ethmoidal polypi
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Site of Origin Multiple polyps always arise from lateral wall of nose, usually from middle meatus. Common sites are uncinate process, bulla ethmoidalis, medial surface of middle turbinate
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Osteomeatal complex
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Symptoms Multiple polypi. Nasal stuffiness leading to nasal obstruction. Partial or total loss of smell Headache Sneezing/watery nasal discharge Mass protruding from nostrils
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Signs Smooth, glistening, grapelike masses, often pale in colour. May be sessile or pedunclated, insensitive to touch, Long standing cases may present with broadening of nose and increase in inter-canthal distance.
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Ethmoidal Polyps Anterior Rhinoscopy Nasal Endoscopy
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DD Ethmoidal polyps are typically multiple and bilateral. In case of nasal bleeding, pain and unilaterality, malignant tumours and inverted papilloma, and in child meningocoeles should be ruled out. HPE always necessary
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Treatment Can be medical or surgical Medical includes intranasal or systemic steroids and Leukotrine inhibitors. Primary treatment consists of I/N steroids A short course of systemic steroids can serve as ‘medical polypectomy’. In more severe cases surgery is required, in moderate cases it is simple polypectomy and in severe cases FESS.
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Antrochoanal polyp
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Antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) are benign polypoid lesions arising from the maxillary antrum and they extend into the choana. ACPs usually have three components and these are the cystic and solid polypoid parts. ACPs are almost always unilateral, although bilateral ACPs have been reported.
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ACP or Killian polyp arises from the inflamed and edematous mucosa of the maxillary antrum and they consist of three components; the antral one is almost always cystic and the other is solid.
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ACP passes through the maxillary ostium into the middle meatus, with extension into the nasopharynx / oropharynx. The cystic component mostly originates from the posterior, inferior, lateral or medial walls of the maxillary antrum, and it attaches to the solid polyp with a pedicle in the nasal cavity
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Epidemiology ACP represent only approximately 3-6% of sino-nasal polyps. The exact aetiology is not known, but it is thought that infection may be a common causative association. Chronic sinusitis is found in approximately 25% of patients , but again, a causal relationship has not been firmly established.
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Unlike other sinonasal polyps, ACPs are usually found in non-atopic patients They are most commonly seen in young adults and in 3rd to 5th decades. They are slightly more common in males compared to females.
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The presenting symptoms Nasal obstruction Rhinorrhea Snoring Headache Mouth breathing Epistaxis Anosmia Halitosis Dyspnea Dysphonia and nasal pruritis
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Radiographic features
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Plain film Unilateral opacification of the maxillary sinus Nasopharyngeal mass is occasionally seen Frequently bilateral sinus involvement
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CT Defined mass with mucin density is seen arising within the maxillary sinus Widening of maxillary ostium and extending in to nasopharynx No associated bony destruction but rather smooth enlargement of sinus
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DD Juvenile angiofibroma Nasal glioma Meningoencephalocele Inverted papilloma Mucocele Mucus retention cyst Tornwalt's cyst Grossly enlarged adenoids Lymphoma Nasopharyngeal malignancies
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Treatment The treatment of ACP is always surgical. Simple polypectomy and a Caldwell Luc procedure were the previously preferred methods for surgically treating ACPs. In recent years, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) became the more preferred surgical technique.
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Ethmoidal Polypi Seen in adults Allergy is the common cause Multiple (bunch of grapes) Arise from ethmoidal labyrinth Seen easily on anterior rhinoscopy Mostly bilateral Recurrence is common Polypectomy, FESS, External Procedures Antrochoanal Polyp Seen in children & adolescents Infection is the common cause Unilateral Arises from maxillary antrum Seen commonly in post nasal exam Usually unilateral Recurrence is less common Caldwel luc surgery in recurrent cases
Slide 30-

Key Points In most cases etiology is unknown Polyps are associated with asthma, aspirin sensitivity, cystic fibrosis. Symptomatic nasal polyps occur in 2% pts. Osteomeatal complex is most common site. Unilateral polyps should always be regarded with suspicion and HPE is needed to rule out malignancy