Download Free Medical Mutations PowerPoint Presentation

Mutations PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Genetics, which is titled "Mutations", to learn about Mutations, changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Tags : Genetics, Mutations, nucleotide sequence, DNA

Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 1802 | Downloads : 0

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Warm Up 1. Place DNA Extraction lab into the basket located at the front 2. Pick up your plicker card from me 3. In your warm up notebook, write down a few sentences answering the following prompt: If you could have the powers of one animal, what would it be and why?
Slide 2-

Mutations
Slide 3-

What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring
Slide 4-

Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? Mutations happen regularly Almost all mutations are neutral Chemicals & UV radiation cause mutations Many mutations are repaired by enzymes
Slide 5-

Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful? Some type of skin cancers and leukemia result from somatic mutations Some mutations may improve an organism’s survival (beneficial)
Slide 6-

Quick Review: What is a chromosome? A chromosome is a DNA molecule that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones, which support its structure, to form a thread-like structures.
Slide 7-

Types of Mutations
Slide 8-

Chromosome Mutations May Involve: Changing the structure of a chromosome The loss or gain of part of a chromosome
Slide 9-

Chromosome Mutations Five types exist: Deletion Inversion Translocation Nondisjunction Duplication
Slide 10-

Deletion Due to breakage A piece of a chromosome is lost
Slide 11-

Inversion Chromosome segment breaks off Segment flips around backwards Segment reattaches
Slide 12-

Duplication Occurs when a gene sequence is repeated
Slide 13-

Translocation Involves two chromosomes that are NOT homologous Part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome
Slide 14-

Translocation
Slide 15-

Nondisjunction Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis Causes gamete to have too many or too few chromosomes Disorders: Down Syndrome – three 21st chromosomes Turner Syndrome – single X chromosome Klinefelter’s Syndrome – XXY chromosomes
Slide 16-

Down Syndrome Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features and mild to moderate intellectual disability.
Slide 17-

Turner Syndrome A condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing. Turner syndrome can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop and heart defects.
Slide 18-

Klinefelter’s Syndrome A genetic disorder that affects males. Klinefelter’s syndrome occurs when a boy is born with one or more extra X chromosomes. Most males have one Y and one X chromosome. Having extra X chromosomes can cause a male to have some physical traits unusual for males such as weaker muscles, greater height, poor coordination, less body hair, and sterility
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

Chromosome Mutation Animation
Slide 21-

ppt slide no 21 content not found
Slide 22-

Gene Mutations Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene May only involve a single nucleotide May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses, etc.
Slide 23-

Types of Gene Mutations Include: Point Mutations Substitutions Insertions Deletions Frameshift
Slide 24-

Point Mutation Change of a single nucleotide Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene
Slide 25-

Point Mutation Sickle Cell disease is the result of one nucleotide substitution Occurs in the hemoglobin gene
Slide 26-

Frameshift Mutation Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides Changes the “reading frame” like changing a sentence Proteins built incorrectly
Slide 27-

Frameshift Mutation Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Frame Shift (“a” added): The fat caa tet hew eer at.
Slide 28-

Amino Acid Sequence Changed
Slide 29-

Gene Mutation Animation
Slide 30-

Substitution Mutation A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single "chemical letter" such as switching an A to a G)
Slide 31-

Insertion Mutation The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence
Slide 32-

Deletion Mutation A part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is lost during DNA replication. Any number of nucleotides can be deleted, from a single base to an entire piece of chromosome
Slide 33-

ppt slide no 33 content not found
Slide 34-

Normal Male 34 2n = 46
Slide 35-

Normal Female 35 2n = 46
Slide 36-

Male, Trisomy 21 (Down’s) 36 2n = 47
Slide 37-

Female Down’s Syndrome 37 2n = 47
Slide 38-

Klinefelter’s Syndrome 38 2n = 47
Slide 39-

Turner’s Syndrome 39 2n = 45