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Krebs Cycle PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Kreb's cycle and it's significant

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Published on : Jul 15, 2021 | Views : 1918 | Downloads : 0

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Slide 1-

Krebs Cycle
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Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, discovered role of pyruvate in conversion of glucose hydrogen's into fumarate. He discovered, in 1937, tricarboxylic acid cycle (i.e., TCA cycle), also known as Citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle. Citric acid cycle occurs in matrix of mitochondria. This cycle involves two decarboxylations and four dehydrogenations Discovery
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Various steps of these reactions are as follows: The starting point of Krebs cycle is entrance of acetyl Co-A into a reaction to form citric acid. Krebs elucidated this cycle, and explained how pyruvate is broken down to CO2and H2O. For this pioneer work Krebs was awarded Nobel Prize in 1953. In the first reaction of Krebs cycle, one molecule of acetyl Co-A combines with 4-carbon oxaloacetic acid (OAA); with the result 6-carbon citric acid is produced, and Co-A is released. Steps
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This reaction is catalysed by enzyme citrate synthase. Now, citrate (citric acid) is isomerised to isocitrate (isocitric acid). Steps
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Cis-aconitic acid is converted into isocitric acid with the addition of water in the presence of iron containing enzyme aconitase. During citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) 3 molecules of NAD+ and one molecule of FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) are reduced to produce NADH and FADH2, respectively. During citric acid cycle NADH and FADH, are produced. Steps
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Now, they are linked with electron transport system (ETS) and produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. This may be summarized in following equation: Steps
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In the end of Krebs cycle, glucose molecule is completely oxidised. From one glucose molecule, two pyruvic acid molecules are formed. After oxidation of one pyruvic acid molecule, three CO2 molecules are released. Thus, in all 6 molecules of CO2 are released. Steps
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a. During Krebs cycle, carbon skeletons are obtained for use in growth and maintenance of the cell. b. Many intermediate compounds are formed which are used in synthesis of other biomolecules, such as amino acids, nucleotides, chlorophyll, cytochromes and fats. c. During this pathway amino acids are synthesised from α-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvic acid and oxaloacetic acid. Significance of Krebs Cycle:
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d. Here succinyl Co-A acts as starting molecule for synthesis of chlorophyll. e. Krebs cycle is major pathway for generation of ATP molecules, which make energy currency of the cell. f. Energy is released from glucose, and is used in various biochemical reactions. g. Phenol, anthocyanin, etc., are produced from acetyl Co-A, whereas fatty acids are formed from glycerol. Significance of Krebs Cycle:
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h. Glutamic acid is formed from α-ketoglutaric acid; aspartic acid from oxaloacetic acid, and alanine from aspartic acid. i. Amino acids are used in synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, purines and pyrimidines. j. Succinyl Co-A carries synthesis of pyrrole compounds of chlorophyll, cytochrome and phytochrome. Significance of Krebs Cycle:
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k. Krebs cycle is directly related to nitrogen metabolism, α-ketoglutaric acid, an intermediate of Krebs cycle is first acceptor molecule of NH3 forming an amino acid, the glutamic acid. From glutamic acid various transamination reactions begin to form different amino acids which ultimately condense to form proteins. l. Krebs cycle is also intimately related with fat metabolism. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate produced in glycolysis may be converted into glycerol via glycerol-3-phosphate and vice versa. After β-oxidation, fatty acids give rise to active 2-C units, the acetyl Co-A which enters the Krebs cycle. Significance of Krebs Cycle: